The Organic Acids Test measures levels of HVA (homovanillic acid) and VMA (vanillylmandelic acid), the metabolites of the neurotransmitters, dopamine and epinephrine/norepinephrine. It also measures the ratio of the two metabolites.

Urinary casts are tiny tube-shaped particles that can be found when urine is examined under the microscope during a test called urinalysis. Hyaline casts can be present in low numbers (0-1/LPF) in concentrated urine of otherwise normal patients and are not always associated with renal disease.

Urinary casts are tiny tube-shaped particles that can be found when urine is examined under the microscope during a test called urinalysis. Hyaline casts can be present in low numbers (0-1/LPF) in concentrated urine of otherwise normal patients and are not always associated with renal disease.

Hydrogen increase over baseline by 90 minutes.

A rise of ≥ 20 ppm from baseline in hydrogen by 90 min should be considered a positive test to suggest the presence of SIBO

Sulfate-reducing bacteria convert dietary sulfur and taurine to H2S, a toxic compound that impairs intestinal detoxification pathways and can cause gas that smells like rotten eggs. H2S production is associated with high-protein, low-fiber diets. Sulfate-reducing bacteria compete with methane-producers and acetate-producers for the same H2 substrate; and as a result, it is important to maintain a delicate balance among all three.

3-Hydroxykynurenine is a metabolic intermediate of the kynurenine pathway that elicits neurotoxic effects.

Hydroxylysine is an amino acid related to collagen.

What is collagen?

Collagen is the most abundant protein in your body. It is the major component of connective tissues that make up several body parts, including tendons, ligaments, skin and muscles.

Hydroxylysine is an amino acid related to collagen.

What is collagen?

Collagen is the most abundant protein in your body. It is the major component of connective tissues that make up several body parts, including tendons, ligaments, skin and muscles.

Hydroxylysine is an amino acid related to collagen.

What is collagen?

Collagen is the most abundant protein in your body. It is the major component of connective tissues that make up several body parts, including tendons, ligaments, skin and muscles.

Hydroxylysine is an amino acid related to collagen.

What is collagen?

Collagen is the most abundant protein in your body. It is the major component of connective tissues that make up several body parts, including tendons, ligaments, skin and muscles.

Hydroxylysine is an amino acid related to collagen.

What is collagen?

Collagen is the most abundant protein in your body. It is the major component of connective tissues that make up several body parts, including tendons, ligaments, skin and muscles.

Hydroxylysine is an amino acid related to collagen.

What is collagen?

Collagen is the most abundant protein in your body. It is the major component of connective tissues that make up several body parts, including tendons, ligaments, skin and muscles.

Hydroxymethylglutarate (HMG) is the precursor to Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) production, and when it is elevated it may indicate that the body is trying to increase its production of CoQ10.

Hydroxymethylglutarate (HMG) is the precursor to Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) production, and when it is elevated it may indicate that the body is trying to increase its production of CoQ10.

Hydroxymethylglutarate (HMG) is the precursor to Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) production, and when it is elevated it may indicate that the body is trying to increase its production of CoQ10.

- Hydroxyproline is the key factor in stabilizing collagens.

- Hydroxyproline is abundant in meat and low in plant-based foods. Meat intake increases levels of proline and hydroxyproline.

- Increased hydroxyproline has been found in collagen catabolism (bone resorption, increased reactive oxygen species [ROS]), tissue degradation, muscle damage, or other conditions such as Paget's disease or Alzheimer's disease.

- Proline and hydroxyproline both negatively correlated with a higher likelihood of anxiety, depression, and psychoses.

- Hydroxyproline is the key factor in stabilizing collagens.

- Hydroxyproline is abundant in meat and low in plant-based foods. Meat intake increases levels of proline and hydroxyproline.

- Increased hydroxyproline has been found in collagen catabolism (bone resorption, increased reactive oxygen species [ROS]), tissue degradation, muscle damage, or other conditions such as Paget's disease or Alzheimer's disease.

- Proline and hydroxyproline both negatively correlated with a higher likelihood of anxiety, depression, and psychoses.

Hydroxyproline is a collagen related amino acid. Hydroxyproline is a nonessential amino acid, which means that it is manufactured from other amino acids in the liver. Hydroxyproline is necessary for the construction of the body’s major structural protein, collagen. Hydroxyproline is present in essentially all tissues and all genetic types of collagen.

Hydroxyproline is a collagen related amino acid. Hydroxyproline is a nonessential amino acid, which means that it is manufactured from other amino acids in the liver. Hydroxyproline is necessary for the construction of the body’s major structural protein, collagen. Hydroxyproline is present in essentially all tissues and all genetic types of collagen.

- Hydroxyproline is the key factor in stabilizing collagens.

- Hydroxyproline is abundant in meat and low in plant-based foods. Meat intake increases levels of proline and hydroxyproline.

- Increased hydroxyproline has been found in collagen catabolism (bone resorption, increased reactive oxygen species [ROS]), tissue degradation, muscle damage, or other conditions such as Paget's disease or Alzheimer's disease.

- Proline and hydroxyproline both negatively correlated with a higher likelihood of anxiety, depression, and psychoses.