The biomarker 2-Methoxy-E2 is part of the phase 2 metabolism.
2-Methoxy estrogens is produced from 2-OH estrogens through the COMT enzyme. Anti-cancerogenic effects have been ascribed to 2-OH estrogensand particularly 2-Methoxy estrogens.
2-Methoxy-estrogen has shown antiproliferative effects in both hormone-dependent and hormone-independent breast cancer cells. These studies have shown that urinary 2-Methoxy estrogen levels were lower in breast cancer patients than controls.
Phase 2 metabolism (methylation):
After estrogens go through phase 1 detoxification, they move on to methylation which is part of phase 2 detoxification. Methylation, in essence, “neutralizes” the phase 1 metabolites and prepares them to be excreted out of the body instead of shuttling them back into circulation. Only 2-OH and 4-OH estrogens are methylated. 16-OH-E1 is not.
Identify cause:
- If 2-OH and 4-OH estrogens are high, then low 2-Methoxy estrogen is likely the result of poor methylation.
- Follow your doctors methylation treatment recommendations.
- If 2/16 ratio is also low, then low 2-Methoxy estrogen may be indicating a CYP imbalance.
- Follow your doctors recommendations for improving a low 2/16 ratio.
- If total estrogen metabolite production is low, then consider direct assessment of estrogen levels.
- Ensure adequate COMT function via methyl donors such as SAMe, B12, folic acid, and B6.
- Poor cancer protection
- Associated with preeclampsia
- Generally no treatment recommended
- Ensure adequate phase II detoxification
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