Necroinflammatory Activity Grade reflects the level of active inflammation and liver cell injury occurring at the time of testing. It complements the Fibrosis Stage by showing how active the disease process is, rather than how much scarring has already formed. This grade is based on blood markers (such as ALT, AST, GGT, bilirubin, and others) and corresponds to the METAVIR scale: A0 (no activity), A1 (mild), A2 (moderate), and A3 (severe). A low grade (A0–A1) indicates stable or inactive liver disease with little current inflammation, while higher grades (A2–A3) mean that the liver is actively inflamed and at risk of progressive fibrosis if not addressed. Elevated grades are commonly linked to conditions such as fatty liver disease (MASLD/NASH), hepatitis B or C, alcohol-related liver injury, or autoimmune hepatitis. Managing the underlying cause—through treatment, alcohol avoidance, weight control, and metabolic care—can reduce inflammation and help protect against long-term liver damage.

Necroinflammatory Activity Score measures the level of active inflammation and liver cell injury, helping assess how “active” liver disease is at the time of testing. Unlike the Fibrosis Score, which reflects long-term scarring, this score indicates current inflammatory activity caused by conditions such as fatty liver disease (MASLD/NASH), viral hepatitis (B or C), or alcohol-related liver injury. Results range from A0 (no inflammation) to A3 (severe activity), with higher scores suggesting more intense inflammation and greater risk for future fibrosis progression. A low score (A0–A1) is reassuring and indicates stable liver health, while moderate to high scores (A2–A3) mean active inflammation that requires medical attention and lifestyle or treatment changes. Managing underlying causes, limiting alcohol, maintaining a healthy weight, and controlling blood sugar and cholesterol can help reduce inflammation and improve liver function over time.

What is gonorrhea?

Gonorrhea is a sexually transmitted disease (STD) caused by infection with the Neisseria gonorrhoeae bacterium. N. gonorrhoeae infects the mucous membranes of the reproductive tract, including the cervix, uterus, and fallopian tubes in women, and the urethra in women and men. N. gonorrhoeae can also infect the mucous membranes of the mouth, throat, eyes, and rectum.

How do people get gonorrhea?

Gonorrhea is transmitted through sexual contact with the penis, vagina, mouth, or anus of an infected partner. Ejaculation does not have to occur for gonorrhea to be transmitted or acquired. Gonorrhea can also be spread perinatally from mother to baby during childbirth.

People who have had gonorrhea and received treatment may be reinfected if they have sexual contact with a person infected with gonorrhea.

Nervonic acid is a monounsaturated fatty acid. Nervonic acid has the longest carbon chain of all monounsaturated fatty acids. It is found in highest concentrations in nerve membranes, particularly in myelin sheaths, which are sleeves of fatty tissue that protect your nerve cells.

Nervonic acid is a monounsaturated fatty acid. Nervonic acid has the longest carbon chain of all monounsaturated fatty acids. It is found in highest concentrations in nerve membranes, particularly in myelin sheaths, which are sleeves of fatty tissue that protect your nerve cells.

Nervonic acid (NA) is an omega-9 MUFA with a 24-carbon backbone and one double bond (24:1n9). It is a very important fatty acid in the white matter of the brain and is responsible for nerve cell myelin biosynthesis. There are small amounts of NA in cooking fats, vegetable oils and borage oil. It can also be synthesized in the body by elongating oleic acid (which is essentially desaturated stearic acid). NA is essential for the growth and maintenance of the brain and peripheral nervous tissue enriched with sphingomyelin.

Nervonic acid is a monounsaturated fatty acid. Nervonic acid has the longest carbon chain of all monounsaturated fatty acids. It is found in highest concentrations in nerve membranes, particularly in myelin sheaths, which are sleeves of fatty tissue that protect your nerve cells.

Nervonic acid (NA) is an omega-9 MUFA with a 24-carbon backbone and one double bond (24:1n9). It is a very important fatty acid in the white matter of the brain and is responsible for nerve cell myelin biosynthesis. There are small amounts of NA in cooking fats, vegetable oils and borage oil. It can also be synthesized in the body by elongating oleic acid (which is essentially desaturated stearic acid). NA is essential for the growth and maintenance of the brain and peripheral nervous tissue enriched with sphingomyelin.

Neurofilament proteins are vital structural components of nerve cells, helping to maintain their shape and function. Of these, neurofilament light chain (NfL) has emerged as a clinically important biomarker. When neurons are damaged or undergoing degeneration, NfL is released into the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood, where it can be measured. Elevated NfL levels are a highly sensitive indicator of neuroaxonal injury, though it is important to note that NfL is not specific to any single disease—it reflects neuronal damage from a variety of causes.

Neuron-specific enolase (NSE) is an enzyme that is found in the cytoplasm of neurons and neuroendocrine cells. The production of NSE occurs late in neural differentiation, thus making NSE an index of neural maturation.

Neuron-specific enolase (NSE) is a key biomarker predominantly found in neurons and neuroendocrine cells, making it highly valuable for clinical diagnostics and monitoring neurological and neuroendocrine disorders. NSE is a glycolytic enzyme that plays a crucial role in the process of glycolysis, helping to convert glucose into energy. Due to its specificity, elevated levels of NSE in the blood or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) are often indicative of neuronal damage or neuroendocrine tumors. Clinically, NSE is extensively used as a tumor marker for small cell lung cancer (SCLC) and neuroblastoma, where its elevated levels correlate with tumor burden, disease progression, and patient prognosis.

NLR (Neutrophil to Lymphocyte Ratio) is a biomarker that can be used as an indication of subclinical inflammation. NLR is a calculation based on the Absolute Neutrophil Count divided by the Absolute Lymphocyte Count determined by the peripheral blood CBC differential. This calculation, according to recent literature, is useful in assessing the likelihood of severe progression of disease in SARS-CoV-2 positive patients.

O que são neutrófilos?

Os neutrófilos são os glóbulos brancos mais abundantes e essenciais para a defesa imunológica. Eles são produzidos na medula óssea e circulam pelo sangue e tecidos para combater infecções.

Como células fagocíticas, os neutrófilos engolfam e destroem bactérias, vírus e outros invasores nos locais de infecção. Eles também desempenham um papel na resposta inflamatória, ajudando o corpo a reagir a alérgenos e lesões.

Os neutrófilos são transparentes e geralmente esféricos em repouso, mas mudam de forma para combater infecções de maneira eficaz.

O que são neutrófilos?

Os neutrófilos são o tipo mais abundante de glóbulo branco (leucócito) no corpo humano e desempenham um papel crucial no funcionamento do sistema imunológico. Como células fagocíticas, sua principal função é englobar e destruir invasores nocivos, como bactérias e vírus, especialmente no local de uma lesão ou infecção.

Além de combater infecções, os neutrófilos também estão envolvidos na resposta inflamatória do corpo. Eles reagem a alérgenos, lesões ou infecções, liberando enzimas e sinalizando outras células imunológicas, contribuindo para a inflamação — um processo natural que ajuda a proteger e curar o corpo.

Com seu papel duplo na imunidade e na inflamação, os neutrófilos são indispensáveis para a manutenção da saúde geral e para a defesa contra uma ampla gama de patógenos.

Neutrophil Antibody, Flow Cytometry - Neutrophil Antibody has been observed with neonatal alloimmune neutropenia, autoimmune neutropenia, transfusion reactions, and drug-induced neutropenia.

The "Neutrophil Antibody, Flow Cytometry - Neutrophil Antibody" test on a panel from Quest Diagnostics is a specialized diagnostic tool used to detect antibodies that target neutrophils, which are a type of white blood cell crucial for our immune defense against infections. Neutrophil antibodies can lead to various conditions, including autoimmune neutropenia—where the immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys neutrophils, reducing the body's ability to fight off infections. This test is particularly useful in diagnosing immune-related neutropenia, monitoring the severity of the autoimmune response, and guiding treatment decisions in conditions where neutrophil antibodies may be involved.