Sensory Motor Neuropathy Complete Antibody Panel

This test looks for antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) in your blood. Antibodies are proteins that your immune system makes to fight foreign substances like viruses and bacteria. But ANCAs attack healthy cells known as neutrophils (a type of white blood cell) by mistake. This can lead to a disorder known as autoimmune vasculitis. Autoimmune vasculitis causes inflammation and swelling of the blood vessels. Blood vessels carry blood from your heart to your organs, tissues, and other systems, and then back again. Types of blood vessels include arteries, veins, and capillaries. Inflammation in the blood vessels can cause serious health problems. Problems vary depending on which blood vessels and body systems are affected. There are two main kinds of ANCA. Each targets a specific protein inside white blood cells: - pANCA, which targets a protein called MPO (myeloperoxidase) - cANCA, which targets a protein called PR3 (proteinase 3) The test can show whether you have one or both types of antibodies. This can help your health care provider diagnose and treat your disorder. An ANCA test is most often used to find out if you have a type of autoimmune vasculitis. There are different types of this disorder. They all cause inflammation and swelling of blood vessels, but each type affects different blood vessels and parts of the body. Types of autoimmune vasculitis include: Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA), previously called Wegener's disease. It most often affects the lungs, kidneys, and sinuses. Microscopic polyangiitis (MPA). This disorder can affect several organs in the body, including the lungs, kidneys, nervous system, and skin. Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA), previously called Churg-Strauss syndrome. This disorder usually affects the skin and lungs. It often causes asthma. Polyarteritis nodosa (PAN). This disorder most often affects the heart, kidneys, skin, and central nervous system. An ANCA test may also be used to monitor treatment of these disorders. Possible symptoms of autoimmune vasculitis include: - Fever - Fatigue - Weight loss - Muscle and/or joint aches Your symptoms may also affect one or more specific organs in your body. Commonly affected organs and the symptoms they cause include: - Eyes - Redness - Blurred vision - Loss of vision - Ears - Ringing in the ears (tinnitus) - Hearing loss - Sinuses - Sinus pain - Runny nose - Nose bleeds - Skin - Rashes - Sores or ulcers, a type of deep sore that's slow to heal and/or keeps coming back - Lungs - Cough - Trouble breathing - Chest pain - Kidneys - Blood in the urine - Foamy urine, which is caused by protein in the urine - Nervous system - Numbness and tingling in different parts of the body

abnormal proteins in the blood.

present in patients with various neurological symptoms.

MAG stands for Myelin Associated Glycoprotein.

When used in conjunction with other autoantibody tests (ANCA, PR3), may assist in evaluating suspected immune-mediated vasculitis, especially microscopic polyangiitis (MPA). May be useful when monitoring MPA disease and/or treatment response. -------------- Myeloperoxidase (MPO) enzyme is found in neutrophil primary granules and monocyte lysosomes. MPO catalyzes the conversion of hydrogen peroxide to hypochlorite and hypochlorous acid. MPO is encoded by a single gene that undergoes posttranslational modification to produce the active enzyme found in leukocytes. Autoantibodies to MPO (MPO antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies: ANCA) occur in several diseases and may be involved in the pathogenesis of vascular inflammation in patients with microscopic polyangiitis (MPA). Patients with MPA often develop MPO ANCA and may present with azotemia secondary to glomerulonephritis (pauci-immune necrotizing glomerulonephritis). MPO ANCA are not specific for MPA, and also may be detected in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus with or without lupus nephritis, Goodpasture syndrome and Churg-Strauss syndrome. Lupus nephritis and Goodpasture syndrome, as well as Wegener granulomatosis may present with azotemia and progressive renal failure. It is not possible to distinguish among these diseases on the basis of clinical signs and symptoms; autoantibody testing may be helpful.

used for evaluating patients suspected of having Wegener granulomatosis (WG)

part of an evaluation for certain autoimmune conditions, most notably celiac disease.

Tissue transglutaminase has been identified as the major autoantigen in celiac disease. IgA antibodies against tTG are highly disease specific serological markers for celiac disease and dermatitis herpetiformis. tTG IgG antibodies are less specific for these diseases but are helpful markers in patients with IgA deficiency. A negative tTG IgG test alone does not rule out gluten-sensitive enteropathy. Celiac disease is a life-long condition in which ingestion of gluten, the water insoluble wheat-gliadin and the prolamins in rye and barley, leads to chronic inflammation and damage of the small intestinal mucosa. Also useful in monitoring adherence to gluten-free diet in patients with IgA deficiency. Tissue transglutaminase is an enzyme that fixes damage in your body. People with celiac disease often make antibodies that attack this enzyme. These are called anti-tissue transglutaminase antibodies. A blood test that shows higher levels of anti-tissue transglutaminase antibodies can help your healthcare provider figure out if you have celiac disease. If you have celiac disease, you are allergic to gluten. Gluten is the protein found in wheat, rye, and barley. With celiac disease, your body attacks the lining of the small bowel, making it less able to absorb nutrients. The sensitivity to gluten can also cause: - Pain in the abdomen - Low blood count (anemia) - Tiredness - Muscle and joint pain - Gas - Diarrhea - Vomiting - Weight loss - Malnutrition Test results may vary depending on your age, gender, health history, and other things. Your test results may be different depending on the lab used. They may not mean you have a problem. Ask your healthcare provider what your test results mean for you. Keep in mind that no 1 test can say for sure that you have celiac disease. Your healthcare provider will use other things to help confirm the diagnosis. The higher the levels of anti-tissue transglutaminase antibodies in your blood, the more likely it is that you have it or a related disorder. Younger children are an exception to this rule. A test may come back negative even if the child has celiac disease. But other tests can give a correct diagnosis. Interpretation: TTGA and TTGG both >10 U/mL: Suggestive of Celiac disease TTG-IgG may be used to follow patients with Celiac disease who are IgA deficient. However, TTG-IgG alone is not sufficient to diagnose Celiac Disease. References: Dieterich W, Ehnis T, Bauer M, et al. Identification of tissue transglutaminase as the autoantigen of celiac disease. Nat Med. 1997 Jul; 3(7):797-801. PubMed 9212111 Volta U, Molinaro N, De Franchis R, et al. Correlation between IgA antiendomysial antibodies and subtotal villous atrophy in dermatitis herpetiformis. J Clin Gastroenterol. 1992 Jun; 14(4):298-301. PubMed 1607605