- Patients with pressure sores had significantly increased glycylproline, finding positive predictive value for pressure sores of 70%.

- In an older (1964) review of bone markers of patients with bone disease, researchers found glycylproline only in patients with severe active rickets.

- Urine glycylproline and hydroxylysine patients with pressure sores, compared to controls.

Glyphosate is the world's most widely produced herbicide. It is a broad-spectrum herbicide that is used in more than 700 different products for agriculture and forestry to home use.

Possible treatment options if in higher ranges:

Treatment of glyphosate toxicity should be centered on determining the route of introduction and avoiding future exposure. Glyphosate is readily metabolized in the body. However, a recent study found that glyphosate accumulates in mammalian bones. Another study found glyphosate to be detectable in mammalian intestine, spleen, liver, muscle, and kidney. Kidney impairment is common in regions where glyphosate may accumulate in ground water as metal chelates. The most effective way to reduce glyphosate exposure is to avoid living in areas where glyphosate is applied and to avoid eating GMO foods or animal products such as milk or meat for which GMO foods were used to feed the animals. Since glyphosate is now commonly combined with the weed killer 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), testing for this chemical with the GPL-TOX test may wish to be considered also.

Glyphosate is the world's most widely produced herbicide. It is a broad-spectrum herbicide that is used in more than 700 different products for agriculture and forestry to home use.

Possible treatment options if in higher ranges:

Treatment of glyphosate toxicity should be centered on determining the route of introduction and avoiding future exposure. Glyphosate is readily metabolized in the body. However, a recent study found that glyphosate accumulates in mammalian bones. Another study found glyphosate to be detectable in mammalian intestine, spleen, liver, muscle, and kidney. Kidney impairment is common in regions where glyphosate may accumulate in ground water as metal chelates. The most effective way to reduce glyphosate exposure is to avoid living in areas where glyphosate is applied and to avoid eating GMO foods or animal products such as milk or meat for which GMO foods were used to feed the animals. Since glyphosate is now commonly combined with the weed killer 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), testing for this chemical with the GPL-TOX test may wish to be considered also.

Glyphosate is the world's most widely produced herbicide. It is a broad-spectrum herbicide that is used in more than 700 different products for agriculture and forestry to home use.

Possible treatment options if in higher ranges:

Treatment of glyphosate toxicity should be centered on determining the route of introduction and avoiding future exposure. Glyphosate is readily metabolized in the body. However, a recent study found that glyphosate accumulates in mammalian bones. Another study found glyphosate to be detectable in mammalian intestine, spleen, liver, muscle, and kidney. Kidney impairment is common in regions where glyphosate may accumulate in ground water as metal chelates. The most effective way to reduce glyphosate exposure is to avoid living in areas where glyphosate is applied and to avoid eating GMO foods or animal products such as milk or meat for which GMO foods were used to feed the animals. Since glyphosate is now commonly combined with the weed killer 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), testing for this chemical with the GPL-TOX test may wish to be considered also.

GM-CSF stands for Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor. It is one of the cytokines evaluated in the CytoDx Cytokine Response Profile test offered by Diagnostic Solutions Laboratory. 

Cytokines are critical mediators of immune responses, and their imbalances have been linked to chronic inflammation and autoimmunity, which can play key roles in various health conditions and diseases. 

GM-CSF is classified as a pro-inflammatory cytokine. It is involved in stimulating the production of granulocytes and macrophages from precursor cells, promoting their proliferation, differentiation, and activation. GM-CSF plays a crucial role in various immune responses and has implications in inflammation and autoimmune conditions.

Golden seal, or Hydrastis canadensis, is a North American herb known for its natural inhibitory properties, mainly due to alkaloids like berberine and hydrastine. It's traditionally used for its antimicrobial activity against bacteria, fungi, and parasites, making it a popular remedy for gastrointestinal and respiratory infections. Goldenseal also has anti-inflammatory properties, beneficial in treating conditions like gastritis and ulcerative colitis, and is thought to support the immune system, often used for colds and flu.

Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone (GnRH) is a crucial peptide hormone that plays a fundamental role in regulating the reproductive system. Produced in the hypothalamus, GnRH is responsible for stimulating the pituitary gland to release two key hormones: luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). These hormones are essential for the development and functioning of the ovaries in females and the testes in males, making GnRH a pivotal factor in sexual maturation, ovulation, and sperm production.

Gonorrhea is a sexually transmitted infection (STI) caused by the bacterium Neisseria gonorrhoeae. It is one of the most common STIs, affecting millions of individuals worldwide annually. Gonorrhea primarily infects the mucous membranes of the reproductive tract, including the cervix, uterus, and fallopian tubes in women, and the urethra in both men and women. It can also affect the mouth, throat, eyes, and rectum.

The transmission of gonorrhea typically occurs during vaginal, anal, or oral sex with an infected partner. A significant concern with gonorrhea is its capacity to be asymptomatic, particularly in women. When symptoms are present, they can vary. In men, common symptoms include a burning sensation during urination and a white, yellow, or green discharge from the penis. Women may experience increased vaginal discharge, painful urination, vaginal bleeding between periods, and abdominal or pelvic pain. If left untreated, gonorrhea can lead to serious health complications. In women, it can cause pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), which can result in infertility, ectopic pregnancy, and chronic pelvic pain. In men, gonorrhea can lead to painful inflammation of the ducts in the testicles, which can also result in infertility.

GRAN# (Absolute Granulocyte Count) measures the total number of granulocytes (a type of white blood cell) per microliter (uL) of blood. Granulocytes play a critical role in the immune system, helping the body fight infections and inflammation.

What Are Granulocytes?

Granulocytes are a type of white blood cell (WBC) that contain granules filled with enzymes to destroy pathogens. They include:

• Neutrophils (Most Abundant) – Primary defenders against bacterial and fungal infections.
• Eosinophils – Active in allergic reactions and parasitic infections.
• Basophils (Least Abundant) – Involved in allergic responses and inflammation.

Since neutrophils make up the majority of granulocytes, GRAN# is often closely related to the Absolute Neutrophil Count (ANC).

Gran% (Granulocyte Percentage) represents the proportion of granulocytes—a type of white blood cell (WBC)—relative to the total WBC count in a Complete Blood Count (CBC) with Differential test. Granulocytes are a crucial part of the immune system, defending the body against infections and inflammation.

GM-CSF stands for Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor. It is a protein that functions as a growth factor and cytokine in the immune system. GM-CSF is produced by various cells, including immune cells like T cells, macrophages, and endothelial cells, as well as some non-immune cells.

Its main role is to stimulate the production and differentiation of a type of white blood cell called granulocytes (including neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils) and macrophages from their precursor cells in the bone marrow. These cells play critical roles in the immune response, including defense against infections and regulation of inflammatory processes.

Elevated antibody levels can be clinically significant — while the antibodies themselves don’t destroy anything, they do trigger an inflammatory response that can cause significant destruction of tissue and resulting symptoms. This response is not necessarily dependent on antibody levels. However, an equivocal result may mean you are just beginning to exhibit an immune reaction, so this is an important time to take measures to support the body in damping immune reactivity.