The Zn/Cu ratio (zinc to copper ratio) on a hair test panel is an important indicator of the body’s mineral balance. Zinc and copper are essential trace minerals that work together to support various biological processes, including immune function, energy production, and brain health. However, maintaining the right balance between these two is key to optimal health.

Zinc Transporter 8 Autoantibodies

- ZnT8 antibody distinguishes type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus.

- ZnT8 antibody identifies relatives of diabetic patients at most risk for developing diabetes.

- ZnT8 antibody predicts the future need for insulin treatment in adult-onset diabetic patients.

- ZnT8 antibody predicts the future development of diabetes mellitus in women with gestational diabetes.

Detects zinc transporter 8 autoantibodies (ZnT8), an autoimmune diabetes marker that is instrumental in the diagnosis of new-onset type 1 diabetes

What is Zonisamide?

Zonisamide is an anticonvulsant medication primarily used to treat epilepsy and sometimes prescribed off-label for migraine prevention, neuropathic pain, and weight management. It works by stabilizing neuronal activity through sodium and calcium channel modulation, as well as by influencing GABAergic and dopaminergic systems.

Zonulin is a protein that opens intercellular tight junctions in the gut lining (the connections between epithelial cells that make up the gastrointestinal lining). Zonulin increases intestinal permeability in the jejunum and ileum and is considered a biomarker for barrier permeability.

Zonulin, a protein that regulates the permeability of the intestinal lining, plays a key role in maintaining the gut barrier. It breaks down tight junctions between the cells in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, which are essential for protecting the body from external threats. When these tight junctions are compromised, it results in increased intestinal permeability, often referred to as "leaky gut." This weakened barrier makes the body more susceptible to food antigens, toxins, and harmful microbes, leading to elevated inflammation.

High plasma zonulin levels have been associated with a variety of health conditions, including celiac disease, autoimmune disorders, type 1 diabetes, multiple sclerosis, and rheumatoid arthritis. Studies have shown that patients with active celiac disease have higher zonulin levels compared to those without the condition. Additionally, elevated zonulin levels may appear 2 to 5 years before the onset of autoimmune diseases, diabetes, or allergies, suggesting zonulin could serve as an early marker for these disease processes.

Zonulin is a protein that opens intercellular tight junctions in the gut lining (the connections between epithelial cells that make up the gastrointestinal lining). Zonulin increases intestinal permeability in the jejunum and ileum and is considered a biomarker for barrier permeability.

Zonulin is a protein that plays a key role in regulating the permeability of the tight junctions between cells in the lining of the small intestine. These tight junctions are like gates that control what substances can pass from the gut into the bloodstream.

When zonulin levels are balanced, the intestinal barrier remains tight and selective. However, when zonulin levels increase, the intestinal barrier becomes more "leaky," allowing larger molecules like undigested food particles, toxins, and microbes to cross into the bloodstream. This condition is commonly referred to as increased intestinal permeability, or more informally, leaky gut.

Measuring zonulin in stool offers a non-invasive way to assess the integrity of the gut barrier, particularly in the small intestine.

Zonulin is a protein modulator of intestinal tight junctions and is used to assess intestinal permeability. It can be used for assessing impaired gut barrier function for several autoimmune and metabolic conditions including celiac disease, type 1 diabetes and insulin resistance.

Zonulin is a marker of intestinal permeability, otherwise known as leaky gut. If a person has elevated Zonulin levels, the normal regulation of the tight junctions is compromised. 

Zonulin is a protein that is synthesized in intestinal cells and liver cells. It is a key biomarker for intestinal permeability and is the only regulator of intestinal permeability that is reversible.

What is intestinal permeability?

Intestinal permeability, often referred to as "leaky gut," is a condition where the lining of the small intestine becomes damaged, causing undigested food particles, toxins, and bacteria to leak through the intestinal wall into the bloodstream. Normally, the gut lining acts as a barrier, selectively allowing nutrients to pass through while keeping harmful substances out. When this barrier is compromised, it can lead to inflammation and trigger immune responses, potentially contributing to various health issues such as food sensitivities, digestive problems, and even autoimmune diseases.

Elevated antibody levels can be clinically significant — while the antibodies themselves don’t destroy anything, they do trigger an inflammatory response that can cause significant destruction of tissue and resulting symptoms. This response is not necessarily dependent on antibody levels. However, an equivocal result may mean you are just beginning to exhibit an immune reaction, so this is an important time to take measures to support the body in damping immune reactivity.

Beta-glucuronidase is an enzyme induced by anaerobic bacteria. Many toxins, hormones, and drugs are excreted from the body after conjugation to a glucuronide molecule. Beta-glucuronidase can uncouple these conjugates, freeing these potential carcinogens in the bowel and increase cancer risk.