IgG antibodies to Streptococcal A refer to the specific IgG antibodies produced by the immune system in response to infection with Streptococcus bacteria, particularly Group A Streptococcus (Strep A). These antibodies play a crucial role in protecting against Streptococcal infections. Streptococcus pyogenes, also known as Group A Streptococcus, is a pathogenic bacterium that causes a range of infections, including pharyngitis (strep throat), impetigo, invasive infections, and immune-mediated sequelae such as acute rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease.

IgG antibodies can show up in your test for weeks, months or years after an infection.

M Protein is an extracellular product of Streptococcus that contributes to the pathogenicity of the gram-positive bacterium. Antibody response against streptococcal M protein and its reaction with myosin may result in endothelial cell damage and the release of inner valve proteins. This results in antibody production against collagen, vimentin, elastin and laminin, which may contribute to the pathogenesis of streptococcal-associated disorders.

What if your result is "equivocal"?

An "equivocal" result on a test like the Streptococcal M Protein on a Pathogen-Associated Immune Reactivity Screen panel means that the test did not clearly indicate whether the specific antibodies or antigens being tested for were absent or present in your sample. Here's what you can consider in this situation:

→ Repeat Testing: Sometimes an equivocal result may suggest that the levels of the target protein or antibody are near the threshold of detection. Your doctor might recommend repeating the test to confirm the result.

→ Additional Testing: To get a clearer picture of your health, additional tests might be needed. This could include more specific tests for streptococcal infection or other related conditions.

→ Clinical Assessment: Your healthcare provider will likely consider these test results in conjunction with your symptoms and medical history. Equivocal results might need to be interpreted differently based on individual health conditions and symptoms.

→ Monitoring Symptoms: If you are currently experiencing symptoms that might be related to a streptococcal infection or other immune responses, your healthcare provider might monitor your symptoms over time to see if they progress or resolve.

It's important to discuss your test results with your healthcare provider, who can give you specific advice based on your overall health context and guide you on the next steps.

Streptococcus is a member of Gram-positive lactic acid-producing bacteria (LAB) that belonged to Firmicutes phylum. Many strains of Streptococcus are non-pathogenic and occur as commensal flora on the skin, the oral cavity, nasopharynx, upper respiratory tract, urogenital, and gastrointestinal tracts.

Streptococcus agalactiae, also known as Lancefield’s group B streptococcus (GBS), is a gram-positive facultative anaerobe. Found in around 30% of healthy adult gastrointestinal tracts and vaginas, it can cause severe infections. The bacterium is the leading cause of septicaemia, pneumonia and meningitis in neonates. Additionally, a recent study showed that neonates of GBS+ women have a different microbiota composition compared to GBS-, possibly leading to disease development later in life.

Eubacterium is a genus of gram-positive bacteria. They are one of the most abundant species in healthy colons and use lactate and acetate to produce butyrate, and 1,2 propanediol to produce propionate.

Depletion of Eubacterium rectale has been associated with high fat diets, colorectal cancer and ulcerative colitis. Species belonging to this genus are also involved in the metabolism of polyphenols - health-promoting metabolites, which can reduce incidence of carcinogenesis. Eubacterium rely on sources of resistant starches for survival.

S. mutans is a gram positive bacterium commonly found in the human oral cavity. It is known to promote dental caries. S. mutans has been shown to elicit inflammation by stimulating cytokine production in the dental pulp below caries. When this inflammation reaches the intestines, it can contribute to dysbiosis, breakdown of intestinal barrier structures and the infiltration of S. mutans immunogens into circulation. Antibodies against S. mutans have long been recognized as cross-reactive to human heart tissues and thus, suspected of playing a role in heart disorders.

Imbalanced bacteria are usually neither pathogenic nor beneficial to the host GI tract. Imbalances can occur when there are insufficient levels of beneficial bacteria and increased levels of commensal bacteria. Certain commensal bacteria are reported as dysbiotic at higher levels.

Streptococcus is a member of Gram-positive lactic acid-producing bacteria (LAB) that belonged to Firmicutes phylum. Many strains of Streptococcus are non-pathogenic and occur as commensal flora on the skin, the oral cavity, nasopharynx, upper respiratory tract, urogenital, and gastrointestinal tracts.

Higher abundance of S. salivarius and S. thermophilus (Firmicutes phylum) have been associated with a moderate to severe disease course in newly diagnosed ulcerative colitis (UC) patients.

These findings are in accordance with a study that showed that UC patients have significantly increased Streptococcus spp. and depletion of Bifidobacterium spp. Higher levels of Streptococcus spp. were also observed in patients with colorectal cancer compared to healthy controls. Administration of S. salivarius together with Bifidobacterium bifidum was shown to reduce the incidence of acute diarrhea and rotavirus shedding in infants. S. salivarius and S. thermophilus are also widely used in dairy products like yogurt and cheese.

Higher abundance of S. salivarius and S. thermophilus (Firmicutes phylum) have been associated with a moderate to severe disease course in newly diagnosed ulcerative colitis (UC) patients.

These findings are in accordance with a study that showed that UC patients have significantly increased Streptococcus spp. and depletion of Bifidobacterium spp. Higher levels of Streptococcus spp. were also observed in patients with colorectal cancer compared to healthy controls. Administration of S. salivarius together with Bifidobacterium bifidum was shown to reduce the incidence of acute diarrhea and rotavirus shedding in infants. S. salivarius and S. thermophilus are also widely used in dairy products like yogurt and cheese.

Higher abundance of S. salivarius and S. thermophilus (Firmicutes phylum) have been associated with a moderate to severe disease course in newly diagnosed ulcerative colitis (UC) patients.

Higher abundance of S. salivarius and S. thermophilus (Firmicutes phylum) have been associated with a moderate to severe disease course in newly diagnosed ulcerative colitis (UC) patients. These findings are in accordance with a study that showed that UC patients have significantly increased Streptococcus spp. and depletion of Bifidobacterium spp. Higher levels of Streptococcus spp. were also observed in patients with colorectal cancer compared to healthy controls.

Administration of S. salivarius together with Bifidobacterium bifidum was shown to reduce the incidence of acute diarrhea and rotavirus shedding in infants. S. salivarius and S. thermophilus are also widely used in dairy products like yogurt and cheese.

Higher abundance of S. salivarius and S. thermophilus (Firmicutes phylum) have been associated with a moderate to severe disease course in newly diagnosed ulcerative colitis (UC) patients. These findings are in accordance with a study that showed that UC patients have significantly increased Streptococcus spp. and depletion of Bifidobacterium spp. Higher levels of Streptococcus spp. were also observed in patients with colorectal cancer compared to healthy controls.

Administration of S. salivarius together with Bifidobacterium bifidum was shown to reduce the incidence of acute diarrhea and rotavirus shedding in infants. S. salivarius and S. thermophilus are also widely used in dairy products like yogurt and cheese.

Streptococcus is a member of Gram-positive lactic acid-producing bacteria (LAB) that belonged to Firmicutes phylum. Many strains of Streptococcus are non-pathogenic and occur as commensal flora on the skin, the oral cavity, nasopharynx, upper respiratory tract, urogenital, and gastrointestinal tracts.

Streptococcus is a member of Gram-positive lactic acid-producing bacteria (LAB) that belonged to Firmicutes phylum. Many strains of Streptococcus are non-pathogenic and occur as commensal flora on the skin, the oral cavity, nasopharynx, upper respiratory tract, urogenital, and gastrointestinal tracts.

Streptococcus is a member of Gram-positive lactic acid-producing bacteria (LAB) that belonged to Firmicutes phylum. Many strains of Streptococcus are non-pathogenic and occur as commensal flora on the skin, the oral cavity, nasopharynx, upper respiratory tract, urogenital, and gastrointestinal tracts.

Streptococcus is a member of Gram-positive lactic acid-producing bacteria (LAB) that belonged to Firmicutes phylum. Many strains of Streptococcus are non-pathogenic and occur as commensal flora on the skin, the oral cavity, nasopharynx, upper respiratory tract, urogenital, and gastrointestinal tracts.

Higher abundance of S. salivarius and S. thermophilus (Firmicutes phylum) have been associated with a moderate to severe disease course in newly diagnosed ulcerative colitis (UC) patients. These findings are in accordance with a study that showed that UC patients have significantly increased Streptococcus spp. and depletion of Bifidobacterium spp. Higher levels of Streptococcus spp. were also observed in patients with colorectal cancer compared to healthy controls. Administration of S. salivarius together with Bifidobacterium bifidum was shown to reduce the incidence of acute diarrhea and rotavirus shedding in infants. S. salivarius and S. thermophilus are also widely used in dairy products like yogurt and cheese.

Streptococcus thermophilus belongs to a group of bacteria called lactic acid bacteria.

Lactic acid bacteria are found in fermented foods such as yogurt and cheese. Streptococcus thermophilus are used as so-called "probiotics," the opposite of antibiotics. "Friendly" bacteria such as Streptococcus thermophilus can help us break down food, absorb nutrients, and fight off "unfriendly" organisms that might cause diseases such as diarrhea.