SCFAs are produced from the fermentation of fibre and protein by certain components of the gut microflora. The SCFAs produced from the fermentation of fibre by probiotic bacteria such as Bifidobacteria and Lactobacilli have a range of beneficial effects from serving as a fuel for cells lining the intestine (and the rest of the body) to creating an acidic intestinal environment that is unfavourable to potential pathogens.

A sickle cell screen, also known as a sickle cell test or sickle cell screening, is a medical test used to determine whether an individual carries a gene mutation associated with sickle cell disease (SCD). Sickle cell disease is a genetic disorder that affects the shape of red blood cells, causing them to become rigid and assume a characteristic "sickle" shape. These misshapen red blood cells can lead to various health problems, including pain, anemia, and organ damage.

Sickle Cell Screening (SCRN) is a vital medical procedure designed to detect sickle cell disease, a genetic blood disorder characterized by irregularly shaped red blood cells. This screening is crucial for early diagnosis and management, especially in newborns and individuals at high risk due to their ethnic background.

SIGA (Secretory IgA) is the primary antibody that is protecting us from pathogens and toxins from penetrating mucosal surfaces. Its role is crucial in protecting the integrity of the intestinal epithelium. The antibody blocks the access to the epithelial receptors and traps pathogens and toxins in the mucus which are then excreated by peristaltic movements.

SIGA (Secretory IgA) is the primary antibody that is protecting us from pathogens and toxins from penetrating mucosal surfaces. Its role is crucial in protecting the integrity of the intestinal epithelium. The antibody blocks the access to the epithelial receptors and traps pathogens and toxins in the mucus which are then excreated by peristaltic movements.

Hair silver (Ag) levels have been found to reflect environmental exposure to the element. However, hair may be contaminated with Ag from hair treatments such as permanents, dyes, and bleaches.

Ag is not an essential element and is of relatively low toxicity. However, some Ag salts are very toxic. Sources of Ag include modern hot tubs, seafood, metal and chemical processing industries, photographic processes, jewelry making (especially soldering), effluents from coal fired power plants and colloidal silver products.

Hair silver (Ag) levels have been found to reflect environmental exposure to the element. However, hair may be contaminated with Ag from hair treatments such as permanents, dyes, and bleaches. Ag is not an essential element and is of relatively low toxicity. However, some Ag salts are very toxic.

Sources of Ag include modern hot tubs, seafood, metal and chemical processing industries, photographic processes, jewelry making (especially soldering), effluents from coal fired power plants and colloidal silver products.

Silver is a marker on the NutriStat Basic Profile by US BioTek that helps assess the level of this metal in your body. While silver is not an essential nutrient for human health, it can be present in the body due to various sources, including dietary intake, environmental exposure, and the use of silver-containing products. In medical contexts, silver is sometimes used for its antibacterial properties in wound dressings and certain medical devices. However, elevated levels of silver in the body can be concerning. High silver levels may indicate exposure to silver from industrial settings, contaminated food or water, or overuse of silver supplements or colloidal silver products, which some people use for purported health benefits.

Sirolimus is often referred to by the brand name Rapamune.

Sirolimus is an immunosuppressant drug used in the prophylaxis of organ rejection in patients receiving transplants.

Sirolimus can be used in combination with ciclosporin, tacrolimus or mycophenolate.

Sirolimus levels are measured in order to establish the correct dose, maintain therapeutic levels and ensure that toxic levels are avoided.

Anti-Ro (SS-A) is an autoantibody associated with SLE or Sjögren’s syndrome. Sjögren’s syndrome is an autoimmune disorder in which the body's immune system mistakenly reacts to the tissue in glands that produce moisture, such as tear and salivary glands.

Anti-SS-B (anti-La) is an autoantibody associated with SLE or Sjögren’s syndrome. Sjögren’s syndrome is an autoimmune disorder in which the body's immune system mistakenly reacts to the tissue in glands that produce moisture, such as tear and salivary glands.

Sm antibodies are specific for lupus erythematosus (LE) and occur in approximately 30% of LE patients. The levels of Sm antibodies remain relatively constant over time in patients with LE and are usually found in patients that also have RNP (ribonucleoprotein) antibodies.

SM/RNP Antibody is an extractable nuclear antigen (ENA) associated with Mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD).

Extractable nuclear antigens (ENA) are autoantibodies in the blood that react with proteins in the cell nucleus. These proteins are known as “extractable” because they can be removed from cell nuclei using saline and represent six main proteins (Ro, La, Sm, RNP, Scl-70 and Jo1).

Autoantibodies are produced when a person’s immune system mistakenly targets and attacks the body’s own tissues. This attack can cause inflammation, tissue damage, and other signs and symptoms that are associated with an autoimmune disorder.

Certain autoimmune disorders are characteristically associated with the presence of one or more anti-ENA antibodies, such as mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD), lupus (SLE), Sjögren syndrome, scleroderma, and polymyositis/dermatomyositis. Autoantibody association can aid in the diagnosis of an autoimmune disorder and help distinguish between other autoimmune disorders.