Methylsuccinic acid is a normal metabolite found in human fluids and is an intermediate metabolite in the breakdown of fatty acids.

Methylsuccinic acid is a normal metabolite found in human fluids and is an intermediate metabolite in the breakdown of fatty acids.

The Microalbumin urine test, often abbreviated as "Microalb, Ur," is a crucial diagnostic tool used to detect early signs of kidney damage, particularly in individuals at risk for kidney disease, such as those with diabetes or hypertension. This test measures the level of albumin, a type of protein, in the urine. Normally, albumin is present in low levels in the urine, as healthy kidneys filter it out of the bloodstream and reabsorb it. However, when the kidneys are damaged, they become less efficient at filtration, leading to an increased leakage of albumin into the urine, a condition known as microalbuminuria.

Albumin is not normally found in urine. Temporary dysfunction of the filtration barrier can occur under certain conditions, including fever, dehydration, a urinary tract infection (UTI), and after vigorous exercise, allowing small amounts of albumin through the barrier.

Recommendations for follow-up include three measurements one month apart. Although microalbuminuria does have relatively benign causes, its presence in urine should be further evaluated for serious and chronic conditions.

Many factors affect levels, including gender, race, blood pressure, time of day, exercise, dehydration, smoking, hypertension, diabetes, muscle mass, and amount of food, water, and salt intake, producing up to a 40% daily variation.

Endothelial dysfunction is likely to be involved in the initiation and development of microalbuminuria, initially reversible but becoming fixed with increasing vascular structural changes.

The Microalbumin/Creatinine Ratio (ACR) is a critical diagnostic marker used primarily for evaluating kidney function, particularly in individuals at risk for kidney disease, such as those with diabetes or hypertension. This ratio is calculated by measuring the amount of albumin (a type of protein) and creatinine (a waste product) in a urine sample. Albumin is typically present in the blood and should be filtered and retained by healthy kidneys; however, when the kidneys are damaged, small amounts of albumin can leak into the urine, a condition known as microalbuminuria. Creatinine, produced at a relatively constant rate by muscle metabolism and excreted in the urine, serves as a benchmark for normalizing the amount of albumin excretion.

Microbial Transglutaminase is not made by the human body, it is made by bacteria and is used in the food and drug industry. It is capable of cross reacting with the Gliadin-Transglutaminase complex. Those antibodies may trigger autoimmune reactivity.

Microbial Transglutaminase IgG is a specific marker tested in the Array 3X - Wheat/Gluten Proteome Reactivity & Autoimmunity panel developed by Cyrex Laboratories, designed to detect immune responses to a unique enzyme, microbial transglutaminase. This enzyme, commonly used in food processing to improve protein texture, is structurally similar to the tissue transglutaminase (tTG) enzyme in the human body, which plays a role in the development of celiac disease and other gluten-related disorders.

Micrococcus is a genus of bacteria commonly found in various environments, including soil, water, and human skin. While typically harmless, the presence of Micrococcus in the gut can provide valuable insights into an individual's gut health. These bacteria are generally considered part of the normal flora of the human body, playing a role in maintaining the balance of microbial communities. However, an overgrowth or imbalance of Micrococcus in the gut may indicate underlying issues such as dysbiosis, which is an imbalance in the microbial ecosystem that can lead to various health problems.

Understanding your MicroVascular Health Score™ (MVHS) is essential because a healthy microvascular system is critical for delivering nutrients and oxygen to cells and removing waste products from organs. The GlycoCheck® system measures microvessel health, including capillary density, blood volume, flow, red cell velocity, and endothelial glycocalyx function. A healthy microvascular system, protected by the glycocalyx, ensures efficient nutrient exchange. MVHS is calculated from capillary blood volume, recruitment capacity, and PBR. The microcirculation system constitutes 99% of the vascular surface area, crucial for nutrient and waste exchange, unlike macrocirculation. Poor microcirculation can lead to serious health issues like diabetes, hypertension, heart disease, and more. Early signs include high blood pressure, diabetes, skin problems, fatigue, and memory loss. Maintaining microvascular health through a balanced diet, exercise, and medical consultation can significantly improve overall well-being and reduce health risks.

In a Complete Blood Count (CBC), the readings labeled MID# and MID% refer to the mid-sized cells population in the blood, which typically include monocytes, eosinophils, and basophils. These are types of white blood cells (WBCs), and these measurements give information about their absolute number and percentage relative to the total white blood cell count. 

In a Complete Blood Count (CBC), the readings labeled MID# and MID% refer to the mid-sized cells population in the blood, which typically include monocytes, eosinophils, and basophils. These are types of white blood cells (WBCs), and these measurements give information about their absolute number and percentage relative to the total white blood cell count. 

The presence of antibodies to Milk Butyrophilin is an indication of food immune reactivity. The offending food and its known cross-reactive foods should be eliminated from the diet. Milk Butyrophilin has a far reaching effect on the body. It can stimulate antigen-specific immune responses in both gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) and peripheral immune organs, and it exacerbates central nervous system inflammation.

Milk Butyrophilin shares a similar homology to myelin and has been shown to degrade myelin tissues through molecular mimicry and cross-reactivity. Patients exhibiting neurological disorders should therefore abstain from consuming milk products.

The presence of antibodies to Milk Chocolate is an indication of food immune reactivity. The offending food and its known cross-reactive foods should be eliminated from the diet. Dark chocolate, in moderation, has many health benefits. It is filled with antioxidants, improves endothelial function, improves gut microbiota, exhibits chemopreventive effects, and activates Factor XII. Pure cacao, dark chocolate and milk chocolate are known to elicit adverse reactions in the form of IgE allergy and delayed intolerance.

The presence of antibodies to Millet is an indication of food immune reactivity. The offending food and its known cross-reactive foods should be eliminated from the diet. Millet is primarily consumed in Asian countries, where it is a food crop. In the US, millet is primarily grown for fodder however it is becoming popular as a health food. Patients with known thyroid disorders should abstain from ingesting Millet as it is a goitrogen.

The presence of mitochondrial antibodies can be used in conjunction with clinical findings and other laboratory tests to aid in the diagnosis of primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC). PBC is a chronic disease in which the bile ducts in your liver are slowly destroyed.

Mixed Heavy Metals (Nickel, Cobalt, Cadmium, Lead, Arsenic) are ubiquitous compounds found in soil, drinking water and food supply, and are not fully avoidable. However, certain exposures can be limited or controlled. These include the exposure of Heavy Metals from manufactured goods, cigarette smoke, paints, gasoline, and some food containers and cookware. Arsenic is absorbed by all plants, but is more concentrated in leafy vegetables, rice, apple and grape juice, and seafood.