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Optimal range: 0.144 - 0.93 ng/mg Creat/Day
LEARN MOREOptimal range: 0 - 1.2 ng/mg CR
4-Hydroxyestrone is a crucial estrogen metabolite measured in the "FU Female FMV Urine Comprehensive Hormone" panel, offering significant insights into estrogen metabolism and women's health. This metabolite is one of the three primary pathways through which estrone, a form of estrogen, is metabolized in the body. The significance of 4-Hydroxyestrone lies in its biological activity and potential implications for health risks, particularly in relation to estrogen-sensitive conditions such as breast cancer.
Optimal range: 0 - 0.5 ng/mg Creat/Day
Higher levels indicate slowed COMT activity (methylation) and are associated with a higher risk for breast cancer in females. Due to the lack of research in this area, it may be postulated that men carry a similar risk. Elevation may also be due to an overactive CYP1B1 enzyme or sluggish CYP1A1 or CYP34A. Additional support for the COMT enzyme can help with the conversion toward the inactive
metabolite, 4-M-E1.
Optimal range: 0 - 0.3 ng/mg Creat/Day
LEARN MOREOptimal range: 0 - 2.85 ng/mg Creat/Day
LEARN MOREOptimal range: 0 - 5.9 mcg/g Creat.
Research focus is shifting toward 4-hydroxyesterone which is thought to have greater estrogenic and genotoxic potential than either 2-hydroxyestrone or 16a-hydroxyestrone.
Optimal range: 0 - 8.8 mcg/g Creat.
Research focus is shifting toward 4-hydroxyesterone which is thought to have greater estrogenic and genotoxic potential than either 2-hydroxyestrone or 16a-hydroxyestrone.
Optimal range: 0.79 - 17 mmol/mol creatinine
4-Hydroxyhippuric is a glycine conjugate of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, the paraben metabolite.
Optimal range: 0 - 14 mmol/mol creatinine
4-Hydroxyhippuric is a glycine conjugate of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, the paraben metabolite.
Optimal range: 0 - 30 mmol/mol creatinine
4-Hydroxyhippuric is a glycine conjugate of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, the paraben metabolite.
Optimal range: 1 - 27 mmol/mol creatinine
3-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid and 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid are produced by the bacterial fermentation of amino acids, much like Indoleacetic acid (IAA).
Optimal range: 0 - 19 mmol/mol creatinine
A tyrosine metabolic product of GI bacteria.
Optimal range: 0 - 30 mmol/mol creatinine
A tyrosine metabolic product of GI bacteria.
Optimal range: 0 - 18 mmol/mol creatinine
A tyrosine metabolic product of GI bacteria.
Optimal range: 2 - 32 mmol/mol creatinine
A tyrosine metabolic product of GI bacteria.
Optimal range: 0 - 29 mmol/mol creatinine
A tyrosine metabolic product of GI bacteria.
Optimal range: 43.1 - 528.1 nmol/mg Creatinine
4-Hydroxyphenylacetate is a tyrosine metabolic product of certain Clostridia bacteria. Elevated levels are associated with Clostridia overgrowth, small intestinal bowel overgrowth (SIBO), or small bowel disease. May also indicate celiac disease.
For individuals with normal, healthy intestinal function, the compound p-Hydroxyphenylacetate should not appear as more than background concentrations in urine.
Measurement of 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid excretion in urine is useful in screening for diseases of the small intestine associated with bacterial overgrowth.
Optimal range: 0 - 29 mmol/mol creatinine
3-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid and 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid are produced by the bacterial fermentation of amino acids, much like Indoleacetic acid (IAA).
