The ratio of Testosterone to Epi-Testosterone in pre-menopausal women, as part of a Human Urinary Metabolic Profile (HUMAP) panel, is a significant indicator of hormonal balance and metabolic function. Testosterone, although primarily considered a male hormone, plays a vital role in women's health too, influencing muscle mass, bone density, libido, and overall well-being. Epi-Testosterone, while not an active androgen itself, serves as an important reference point in evaluating the balance of androgenic activity. In pre-menopausal women, this ratio is crucial as it can reveal insights into various physiological and pathological states. A balanced Testosterone/Epi-Testosterone ratio is expected in healthy individuals, maintaining the delicate interplay of hormonal activities crucial for physical health, emotional well-being, and reproductive function.

Testosterone is the main hormone responsible for the development of secondary sex characteristics in men. Testosterone is produced mainly in the testicles and partially by the adrenal glands. In women, low levels of testosterone are produced by the adrenal glands. In men, about half of blood testosterone is present in an inactive form (bound to SHBG), and the other half is present in a free form or weakly bound to albumin. The total free and albumin-bound forms constitute bioavailable testosterone. Total testosterone levels are generally an accurate representation of the biological activity of testosterone in the tissues. Certain conditions may interfere with this interpretation. In such cases, free or bioavailable testosterone levels are clinically more useful.

Bioavailable testosterone, a crucial hormone in men's health, plays an essential role in maintaining various bodily functions. This form of testosterone, which is readily available for the body's use, significantly influences muscle strength, bone density, and sexual function.

Testosterone, though commonly associated with male physiology, is an essential hormone in females as well. Free testosterone represents the unbound form of the hormone, which is biologically active and available to the body’s tissues. It plays a crucial role in numerous physiological functions and maintaining overall health.

In the adult male, testosterone maintains the structure and function of the prostate, testes, seminal vesicles, and external male genitalia. In addition, testosterone affects lean body mass, bone density, hematopoiesis, libido and mood.

In the adult male, testosterone maintains the structure and function of the prostate, testes, seminal vesicles, and external male genitalia. In addition, testosterone affects lean body mass, bone density, hematopoiesis, libido and mood.

Testosterone is a male sex hormone produced in a woman’s ovaries in small amounts as well. Combined with estrogen, the female sex hormone, testosterone helps with the growth, maintenance, and repair of a woman’s reproductive tissues, bone mass, and human behaviors.

The testosterone-cortisol ratio is a valuable tool for understanding the balance between anabolic and catabolic processes in your body. Monitoring and optimizing this ratio can enhance physical performance, ensure adequate recovery, and maintain overall hormonal health. Whether you're an athlete, a clinician, or a fitness enthusiast, the T/C ratio offers crucial insights into your body’s physiological state and responses to various stressors.

Tetanus is a serious disease caused by the toxin from Clostridium tetani bacteria. The toxin makes its way into the nervous system and causes muscle spasms and rigid muscles.

If you have been vaccinated for tetanus in the past, this test should show that you have enough antibodies against the disease. If your levels are too low, you should receive a booster vaccine. The test will be repeated after at least a month. Several variations of the tetanus vaccine are available. The vaccine is recommended as a series in childhood. A booster vaccine is recommended every 10 years for teens and adults.

If you've never had a tetanus vaccine or been exposed to tetanus, you'll get vaccinated. You may return later to have your tetanus antibody levels checked to make sure the vaccine is working.

Stay Protected with Tetanus Vaccines: Essential Information

Tetanus is a serious infection caused by Clostridium tetani bacteria, but the good news is that vaccines are available to prevent it. In the United States, three types of vaccines provide protection against tetanus, along with other diseases:

• Diphtheria, Tetanus, and Pertussis (DTaP) Vaccines
• Tetanus, Diphtheria, and Pertussis (Tdap) Vaccines
• Tetanus and Diphtheria (Td) Vaccines

Who Should Get Which Vaccine?

• Babies and children under 7 years old receive the DTaP vaccine.
• Older children and adults receive the Tdap and Td vaccines.

Tetrachloroethylene (PCE) is a chemical widely used in the dry cleaning of clothes and fabrics and in metal degreasing. It is also a prevalent drinking water contaminant.

The GI-MAP includes results for detection of H. pylori antibiotic resistance genes. If an antibiotic resistance gene is present, then that class of antibiotics is designated POSITIVE for antibiotic resistance. A positive result for the presence of resistance genes for a given antibiotic indicates that the antibiotic is not an ideal choice for an antibiotic protocol. Since microbes can rapidly share DNA under stress, the presence of antibiotic resistance is reason enough to avoid that drug class.