Aflatoxins are organic chemical compounds produced by a polyketide pathway by many strains of the mold, Aspergillus.

Aspergillus flavus is a particular strain common contaminant in agricultural products such as peanuts, rice, figs and corn.

Aflatoxin B1 is the most potent natural carcinogen known and is usually the major aflatoxin produced by toxigenic strains. The Curse of the Mummy has been a popular theme for literature, films and folklore.

AFP-L3% (Alpha-Fetoprotein-L3 Percent) is a specialized blood test that measures the percentage of a specific subtype of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) in the bloodstream. AFP is a protein normally produced by the liver and yolk sac during fetal development. In adults, elevated AFP levels can be a sign of liver disease or cancer, particularly hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the most common type of primary liver cancer.

AFP exists in different forms, and AFP-L3 is a glycosylated variant that is more specifically associated with malignant liver tumors. The AFP-L3% refers to the proportion of total AFP that is the L3 subtype, offering more precise insight into the risk or presence of liver cancer.

Cortisol is a hormone produced by the adrenal glands, which are located on top of the kidneys. It is normally released in response to events and circumstances such as waking up in the morning, exercising, and acute stress.

It stands for Dehydroepiandrosterone and is a building block of steroid hormones that is produced predominantly in the adrenal glands.

Considered the body’s anti-aging hormone, DHEA-S levels tend to fall with age.

Genes associated with tetracycline resistance.

The GI-MAP includes results for detection of H. pylori antibiotic resistance genes. If an antibiotic resistance gene is present, then that class of antibiotics is designated POSITIVE for antibiotic resistance. A positive result for the presence of resistance genes for a given antibiotic indicates that the antibiotic is not an ideal choice for an antibiotic protocol. Since microbes can rapidly share DNA under stress, the presence of antibiotic resistance is reason enough to avoid that drug class.

Agglutination morphology in a semen analysis refers to the clumping or sticking together of sperm cells, which can affect their ability to swim freely and reach the egg for fertilization. This is an important biomarker in male fertility assessments because agglutination can reduce the chances of conception.

What Causes Sperm Agglutination?

• Immune Response: The most common cause is the presence of anti-sperm antibodies, which cause the sperm cells to stick together.
• Infections: Infections in the male reproductive tract can lead to the production of substances that make sperm agglutinate.
• Seminal Plasma Issues: Imbalances in the proteins and enzymes in seminal fluid may also cause abnormal clumping.

Akkermansia muciniphila may represent 3–5% of the microbial composition in the healthy human intestinal tract, and have a crucial role in the regulation of the gut barrier and other homeostatic and metabolic functions.

Akkermansia muciniphila may represent 3–5% of the microbial composition in the healthy human intestinal tract, and have a crucial role in the regulation of the gut barrier and other homeostatic and metabolic functions.

Akkermansia muciniphila may represent 3–5% of the microbial composition in the healthy human intestinal tract, and have a crucial role in the regulation of the gut barrier and other homeostatic and metabolic functions.

Akkermansia muciniphila may represent 3–5% of the microbial composition in the healthy human intestinal tract, and have a crucial role in the regulation of the gut barrier and other homeostatic and metabolic functions.

Akkermansia muciniphila may represent 3–5% of the microbial composition in the healthy human intestinal tract, and have a crucial role in the regulation of the gut barrier and other homeostatic and metabolic functions.

Akkermansia muciniphila may represent 3–5% of the microbial composition in the healthy human intestinal tract, and have a crucial role in the regulation of the gut barrier and other homeostatic and metabolic functions.

Alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) is an essential n-3 fatty acid and must be obtained in the diet. Sources include green leafy vegetables, oily fish, flaxseed, soybean oil, canola oil, walnuts, and chia seeds. ALA has an 18-carbon backbone with 3 double bonds starting at the third carbon molecule (18:3n3). It is an important precursor to make eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), though these can also be obtained in the diet. Most dietary ALA is used to generate energy and only a small portion is converted to EPA and DHA.