The bacteria are found in the human gut where they are considered “commensal”, which means “eating from the same dish”. They exist in the human body without either helping or hindering us.

OH-Butyrylcarnitine (C4OH) is a hydroxy-acylcarnitine involved in the breakdown of short-chain fatty acids and certain amino acids. It reflects how efficiently mitochondria process these fuels to generate energy. Because C4OH is sensitive to shifts in fatty acid oxidation and mitochondrial demand, its levels provide useful insight into metabolic flexibility and overall cellular energy function.

Oleic acid is the most common monounsaturated fatty acid in human cells.