2-Ketoisocaproic Acid is a B-Complex Vitamin Marker (Leucine catabolism).

2-Ketoisocaproic Acid is an abnormal metabolite that arises from the incomplete breakdown of branched-chain amino acids.

AKA: alpha-Ketoisovaleric acid

Alpha-Ketoisovaleric acid is an abnormal metabolite that arises from the incomplete breakdown of branched-chain amino acids.

In a Hormone & Urinary Metabolite Assessment Panel (HUMAP) for pre-menopausal women, the ratio of 2-Methoxyestradiol (2-M-E2) to 2-Hydroxyestrone (2-OH-E2) (2-M-E2:2-OH-E2) is an important marker of estrogen metabolism. Estrogens are metabolized in the body through different pathways, and the 2-hydroxylation pathway, leading to the formation of 2-Hydroxyestrone, is often considered a more favorable route due to its relatively weaker estrogenic activity compared to other pathways. The 2-Hydroxyestrone can further be metabolized into 2-Methoxyestradiol, a metabolite known for its anti-angiogenic and apoptotic properties, which may have protective roles against estrogen-related cancers.

The 2-Methoxy Estrogens are considered to be protective.

2-Methoxy-E1 is produced from 2-OH-E1 through the COMT enzyme. Anti-cancerogenic effects have been ascribed to 2-OH-E1 and particularly 2-Methoxy-E1.

2-Methoxy-E1 has shown antiproliferative effects in both hormone-dependent and hormone-independent breast cancer cells. These studies have shown that urinary 2-Methoxy-E1 levels were lower in breast cancer patients than controls.

The 2-Methoxy Estrogens are considered to be protective.

2-Methoxy estrogens are produced from 2-OH estrogens through the COMT enzyme. Anti-cancerogenic effects have been ascribed to 2-OH estrogens and particularly 2-Methoxy estrogens.

2-Methoxy estrogens has shown antiproliferative effects in both hormone-dependent and hormone-independent breast cancer cells. These studies have shown that urinary 2-Methoxy estrogen levels were lower in breast cancer patients than controls.

The 2-Methoxy Estrogens are considered to be protective.

2-Methoxy-E1 is produced from 2-OH-E1 through the COMT enzyme. Anti-cancerogenic effects have been ascribed to 2-OH-E1 and particularly 2-Methoxy-E1.

2-Methoxy-E1 has shown antiproliferative effects in both hormone-dependent and hormone-independent breast cancer cells. These studies have shown that urinary 2-Methoxy-E1 levels were lower in breast cancer patients than controls.

The 2-Methoxy / 2-OH Balance is a measure used to assess the balance between two important forms of estrogen metabolites in the body. Estrogen, a hormone crucial for various bodily functions, undergoes a process called metabolism, where it is broken down into different metabolites. Among these metabolites, 2-methoxyestrone (2-Methoxy) and 2-hydroxyestrone (2-OH) are significant. The balance between these two metabolites is essential for overall health, as an imbalance can potentially indicate increased risk for certain health conditions, including hormone-related cancers and cardiovascular diseases. Specifically, a higher ratio of 2-Methoxy to 2-OH is generally considered favorable, as it suggests a more favorable estrogen metabolism pattern associated with lower cancer risk. However, the interpretation of this ratio should be done in the context of individual health and other factors.

Important Note: If Estrogen metabolite levels are very low, the reproducibility of the test is not as ideal, so calculated ratios (for the methylation-activity index and phase I estrogen metabolism ratios) are more approximate, less certain, and may not be reported.

The 2-Methoxy Estrogens are considered to be protective.

2-Methoxy-E1 is produced from 2-OH-E1 through the COMT enzyme. Anti-cancerogenic effects have been ascribed to 2-OH-E1 and particularly 2-Methoxy-E1.

2-Methoxy-E1 has shown antiproliferative effects in both hormone-dependent and hormone-independent breast cancer cells. These studies have shown that urinary 2-Methoxy-E1 levels were lower in breast cancer patients than controls.

The 2-Methoxy Estrogens are considered to be protective. Low levels are usually a reflection of overall low estrogens and may be improved with supplemental estrogen.

The 2-Methoxy Estrogens are considered to be protective.

2-Methoxy-E1 is produced from 2-OH-E1 through the COMT enzyme. Anti-cancerogenic effects have been ascribed to 2-OH-E1 and particularly 2-Methoxy-E1.

2-Methoxy-E1 has shown antiproliferative effects in both hormone-dependent and hormone-independent breast cancer cells. These studies have shown that urinary 2-Methoxy-E1 levels were lower in breast cancer patients than controls.

The 2-Methoxy Estrogens are considered to be protective.

2-Methoxy estrogens are produced from 2-OH estrogens through the COMT enzyme. Anti-cancerogenic effects have been ascribed to 2-OH estrogens and particularly 2-Methoxy estrogens.

2-Methoxy estrogens has shown antiproliferative effects in both hormone-dependent and hormone-independent breast cancer cells. These studies have shown that urinary 2-Methoxy estrogen levels were lower in breast cancer patients than controls.

The 2-Methoxy Estrogens are considered to be protective.

2-Methoxy estrogens are produced from 2-OH estrogens through the COMT enzyme. Anti-cancerogenic effects have been ascribed to 2-OH estrogens and particularly 2-Methoxy estrogens.

2-Methoxy estrogens has shown antiproliferative effects in both hormone-dependent and hormone-independent breast cancer cells. These studies have shown that urinary 2-Methoxy estrogen levels were lower in breast cancer patients than controls.

The 2-Methoxy Estrogens are considered to be protective.

2-Methoxy estrogens are produced from 2-OH estrogens through the COMT enzyme. Anti-cancerogenic effects have been ascribed to 2-OH estrogens and particularly 2-Methoxy estrogens.

2-Methoxy estrogens has shown antiproliferative effects in both hormone-dependent and hormone-independent breast cancer cells. These studies have shown that urinary 2-Methoxy estrogen levels were lower in breast cancer patients than controls.