Akkermansia muciniphila is a mucin-degrading bacterium commonly found in human gut. Mucins are glycoprotein components of the mucous that coats the surfaces of cells lining the respiratory, digestive, and urogenital tracts. Increased mucin production occurs in many cancers (pancreas, lung, breast, ovary, colon and other tissues). Mucins are also over-expressed in lung diseases such as asthma, bronchitis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or cystic fibrosis.
Akkermansia muciniphila has been reported as a beneficial bacterium that reduces gut barrier disruption and insulin resistance.
Studies have identified a loss in abundance of Akkermansia muciniphila in patients with obesity and type 2 diabetes.
Akkermansia muciniphila has been inversely associated with:
- obesity
- diabetes
- inflammation, and
- metabolic disorders.
Due to its highly promising probiotic activities against obesity and diabetes, Akkermansia muciniphila drawn intensive interest for research and development in recent years. A number of human and animal studies have shown that the abundance of Akkermansia muciniphila in the gut can be enhanced through dietary interventions.
Akkermansia muciniphila may represent 3–5% of the microbial composition in the healthy human intestinal tract, and have a crucial role in the regulation of the gut barrier and other homeostatic and metabolic functions.
References:
– Akkermansia muciniphila-derived extracellular vesicles influence gut permeability through the regulation of tight junctions, https://www.nature.com/articles/emm2017282
– Derrien M, Vaughan EE, Plugge CM, de Vos WM. Akkermansia muciniphila gen. nov., sp. nov., a human intestinal mucin-degrading bacterium. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2004; 54: 1469–1476.
– Strategies to promote abundance of Akkermansia muciniphila, an emerging probiotics in the gut, evidence from dietary intervention studies, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1756464617301627
– Mucins in cancer: function, prognosis and therapy, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2951677/
– Specific gut microbiota features and metabolic markers in postmenopausal women with obesity, http://doi.org/10.1038/nutd.2015.9
– Akkermansia muciniphila and its role in regulating host functions, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0882401015301789
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Akkermansia muciniphila is a significant marker for gut health, reflecting the state of the microbiome within the digestive tract. This bacterium resides in the mucus layer lining the gut, where it plays a pivotal role in maintaining intestinal barrier integrity and regulating immune function. By consuming mucin, the main component of the mucus layer, Akkermansia muciniphila helps to stimulate the production of fresh mucin, thereby reinforcing the gut barrier against pathogens and promoting a balanced microbial environment.
Elevated levels of Akkermansia muciniphila in a gastrointestinal (GI) panel generally signify a healthy gut microbiome, as this bacterium is known for its beneficial roles in maintaining gut barrier integrity and regulating immune function. High concentrations of Akkermansia muciniphila are associated with several positive health outcomes, including improved metabolic profiles, enhanced protection against certain chronic diseases like obesity and type 2 diabetes, and reduced inflammation. These elevated levels indicate a robust mucus layer in the gut, which is crucial for protecting the intestinal lining and promoting a balanced microbial environment. However, while increased levels are typically seen as favorable, it's important to consider the overall context of the microbiome composition and consult with healthcare professionals to understand the implications fully, as the gut microbiota's balance is key to optimal health.
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Akkermansia muciniphila and multiple sclerosis (MS):
Research on the relationship between Akkermansia muciniphila and multiple sclerosis (MS) is evolving, with studies exploring how gut microbiota might influence the development or progression of autoimmune diseases, including MS. Some research suggests that alterations in the composition of the gut microbiota, including levels of Akkermansia muciniphila, could be associated with the pathogenesis of MS. However, the exact nature of this relationship—whether high levels of Akkermansia muciniphila are beneficial or detrimental in the context of MS—is still under investigation.
Early studies have indicated that individuals with MS may have different gut microbiota compositions compared to healthy individuals, including variations in the abundance of Akkermansia muciniphila. While some findings suggest that increased levels of certain gut bacteria, including Akkermansia, could be linked to the inflammatory processes characteristic of MS, other studies propose that Akkermansia muciniphila might have protective effects due to its role in maintaining gut barrier integrity and modulating the immune system.
Given the complex nature of the gut-brain axis and the immune system's involvement in MS, the implications of high levels of Akkermansia muciniphila in MS patients are not yet fully understood. Ongoing research aims to clarify how manipulating gut microbiota, including Akkermansia muciniphila, might contribute to managing or potentially treating MS. It's crucial to approach this information within the broader context of emerging research, and always consult healthcare professionals for medical advice and treatment strategies related to MS.
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– A low concentration of Akkermansia muciniphila in your gut could indicate a thin mucous layer, thereby resulting in a weakened gut barrier function, besides increased translocation of bacterial toxins.
– People suffering from Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD), obesity and Type II diabetes (T2D) tend to have lower concentrations of Akkermansia muciniphila.
– Akkermansia muciniphila concentration is also known to decrease with age.
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