The AntiDNAse B Titer is a test used in conjunction with ASO titer tests. It tests for poststreptococcal complications.

This test allows for the detection of the presence of antibodies to glutamic acid decarboxylase, which provides early evidence of autoimmune disease activity; its measurement has been shown to be useful in assisting the physician in the prediction, diagnosis, and management of patients with diabetes.

Anti-myeloperoxidase (MPO) antibodies, detected through the Neutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibodies (ANCA) panel, are crucial in diagnosing autoimmune diseases like Microscopic Polyangiitis (MPA) and Eosinophilic Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis (EGPA). These conditions, part of autoimmune vasculitides, involve the immune system mistakenly attacking blood vessels, leading to inflammation and potential organ damage.

MPA is a rare autoimmune disorder causing inflammation in small and medium-sized vessels, affecting organs like kidneys and lungs, with symptoms like fatigue and joint pain. EGPA, formerly known as Churg-Strauss Syndrome, also targets small to medium vessels but is marked by high eosinophil counts, affecting organs including lungs and heart, and presenting symptoms like asthma and skin rashes.

Myeloperoxidase is an enzyme in white blood cells aiding infection defense. Anti-MPO antibodies, indicating an immune attack on this enzyme, are significant in diagnosing and managing these vasculitides. High anti-MPO levels in MPA signify active disease and potential relapse. In EGPA, their presence aids in diagnosis and prognosis. These antibodies can trigger damaging immune responses in blood vessels, leading to inflammation. Continuous research on anti-MPO antibodies is pivotal in understanding and treating autoimmune vasculitides.

Anti-Proteinase 3 antibodies (PR3-ANCA) are key in diagnosing Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis (GPA), an autoimmune disease where the immune system attacks blood vessels, mainly affecting the respiratory system and kidneys. Proteinase 3, an enzyme in neutrophils, is targeted by these antibodies, leading to vessel inflammation and damage. High levels of anti-PR3 antibodies indicate active GPA, aiding in its management and treatment decisions. This understanding is vital for developing targeted therapies to control the disease.

Acetylcholine receptors are responsible for binding acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter for signal transduction in CNS. They are localized in neuromuscular junctions. Antibodies against acetylcholine receptor are found in myasthenia gravis disease, which destroys the receptor function, leading to a neuromuscular transmission defect, which then causes hypofunction, fatigue, and inflammation of skeletal muscles and produces serum antibodies against muscle antigens.

Acetylcholine receptors are responsible for binding acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter for signal transduction in CNS. They are localized in neuromuscular junctions. Antibodies against acetylcholine receptor are found in myasthenia gravis disease, which destroys the receptor function, leading to a neuromuscular transmission defect, which then causes hypofunction, fatigue, and inflammation of skeletal muscles and produces serum antibodies against muscle antigens.

Actin is responsible for regulating paracellular flow across the intestinal epithelium. However, increased levels of actin suggest epithelial cell damage leading to increased intestinal permeability and decreased barrier function.

AMPA (α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid) is a compound that is a specific agonist for the AMPA receptor, where it mimics the effects of the neurotransmitter glutamate. In some epilepsies, antibodies to AMPA receptors leads to neuron damage. The same is true for ischemia, where oxygen deprivation leads to excitotoxicity. Conversely, Alzheimer's disease is characterized by decreased AMPA activation and synapse loss.

Antibodies against Amphiphysin occur in patients with paraneoplastic variant Stiff person syndrome but can also be seen in autoimmune encephalitis. Antibodies against Amphiphysin are associated with breast cancer and small cell lung cancer. Neurological symptoms may precede the diagnosis of cancer with up to five years. 

Antibodies against Amphiphysin are graded as High-risk antibodies with a frequency of 80% of underlying cancer and a positive result yield 3 points PNS score, according to Updated Diagnostic Criteria for Paraneoplastic Neurologic Syndromes. 

Antibodies against Amphiphysin occur in patients with paraneoplastic variant Stiff person syndrome but can also be seen in autoimmune encephalitis. Antibodies against Amphiphysin are associated with breast cancer and small cell lung cancer. Neurological symptoms may precede the diagnosis of cancer with up to five years. 

Antibodies against Amphiphysin are graded as High-risk antibodies with a frequency of 80% of underlying cancer and a positive result yield 3 points PNS score, according to Updated Diagnostic Criteria for Paraneoplastic Neurologic Syndromes.