Proteobacteria are a diverse phylum, comprised with several subclasses: Alphaproteobacteria, Betaproteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, Deltaproteobacteria, Epsilonproteobacteria, and Zetaproteobacteria.

The Proteobacteria are commonly occurring in healthy mammalian GI microbiomes and include common human pathogens. Proteobacteria contribute to homeostasis of the anaerobic environment of the gastrointestinal tract. It has a role in protein and sugar degradation and maintaining oxygen homeostasis within the gut.

Gram-negative Proteobacteria are a source of lipopolysaccharide associated with metabolic endotoxemia. Bifidobacterium species within Actinobacteria produce health-promoting metabolites like IL-10, SCFA, and GABA. Consuming a balanced diet with a wide variety of fibers, polyphenols, and a healthy level of fat can help balance this ratio.

Opportunistic Bacteria associated with Autoimmunity. 

Gram-negative bacteria in the Proteobacteria phylum. High levels may indicate increased intestinal inflammatory activity; May contribute to loose stools or diarrhea; Pets or wild animals can be a source

Opportunistic Bacteria associated with Autoimmunity. 

Gram-negative bacteria in the Proteobacteria phylum. High levels may indicate increased intestinal inflammatory activity; May contribute to loose stools or diarrhea; Pets or wild animals can be a source.

Opportunistic Bacteria associated with Autoimmunity. 

Gram-negative bacteria in the Proteobacteria phylum. High levels may indicate increased intestinal inflammatory activity; May contribute to loose stools or diarrhea; Pets or wild animals can be a source

Gram-negative bacteria in the Proteobacteria phylum. High levels may indicate increased intestinal inflammatory activity; May contribute to loose stools or diarrhea; Pets or wild animals can be a source.

Gram-negative bacteria in the Proteobacteria phylum. High levels may indicate increased intestinal inflammatory activity; May contribute to loose stools or diarrhea; Pets or wild animals can be a source.

Prothrombin Fragment 1.2 is stable degradation product and its measurement in plasma can be used as a marker of Thrombin generation. Measurement of F1+2 has been used to diagnose Pre-thrombotic states and Thrombotic disorders and in addition to monitor the efficacy of treatment in these disorders.

Prothrombin time (PT) is a blood test that measures the time it takes for the liquid portion (plasma) of your blood to clot.

Prothrombin time (PT) is a blood test that measures the time it takes for the liquid portion (plasma) of your blood to clot. A prothrombin time test can be used to check for bleeding problems. PT is also used to check whether medicine to prevent blood clots is working. A PT test may also be called an INR test. INR stands for 'international normalized ratio'.

Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is a protein produced by the prostate. In the bloodstream, PSA exists in two forms:

• Free PSA – not attached to other proteins

• Bound PSA – attached to carrier proteins

Total PSA measures both forms combined.
PSA, % Free shows what percentage of the total PSA is unbound:
(free PSA ÷ total PSA) × 100.

This percentage helps determine whether an elevated PSA level is more likely due to prostate cancer or a benign condition such as benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) or prostatitis. Cancer tends to produce more bound PSA, lowering the % free PSA.

Pseudoflavonifractor spp. has been positively associated with weight loss.