Glutathione (GSH) is composed of cysteine, glutamine & glycine. GSH is a source of sulfate and plays a key role in antioxidant activity and detoxification of toxins.

Glutathione is the most powerful antioxidant in the human body. It is found in nearly every cell in the body and is the primary agent of detoxification in the liver. Glutathione can also act as a hormone, regulating the release of GABA and dopamine. Glutathione is produced from three amino acids glutamate, cysteine, and glycine which are obtained from food or supplementation. Deficiency in glutathione may lead to production of free radicals and oxidative damage throughout the body. Recent evidence suggests that the gut microbiome determines levels of glutathione throughout the body.

Glutathione (GSH) is a tripeptide (λ-glutamyl-cysteinylglycine) synthesized by most cells, serving as a critical marker of cellular health and resilience against toxic stress. In erythrocytes, GSH levels are a sensitive indicator of the body's intracellular GSH status and overall cellular well-being. It is the most abundant non-protein thiol in mammalian cells, playing key roles in various biological processes, such as detoxifying harmful compounds (xenobiotics), neutralizing reactive oxygen species, regulating cellular redox balance, and maintaining the oxidative state of vital protein sulfhydryl groups. Additionally, GSH supports immune function. Intracellular GSH concentrations are significantly higher than plasma levels, with plasma GSH largely derived from the liver.

The allergen-specific IgE antibody test is a key diagnostic method for identifying gluten allergies, measuring an individual's IgE response to gluten. It is used alongside clinical evaluations for a comprehensive allergy diagnosis. While sensitive, this test indicates only IgE sensitization, not necessarily an allergy, as many sensitized individuals don't exhibit symptoms. Wheat, containing gluten, is a common allergen with varied symptoms and affects a small percentage of the global population. Management of wheat allergy primarily involves dietary avoidance and, in some cases, oral immunotherapy, with epinephrine auto-injectors prescribed for severe reactions. The prevalence and severity of wheat allergy vary globally, often associated with other atopic disorders in children.

Gluten (F79) IgG is a specific immunoglobulin G antibody marker used in the immunological assessment of gluten sensitivity and related disorders. This antibody targets a fraction of gluten proteins, primarily found in wheat and related grains, and its presence in the bloodstream can be indicative of an immune response to gluten ingestion.

Fecal gluten monitoring is an important tool to:

- Quantitively evaluate amount of gluten peptide in stool for accurate assessment of potential exposure

- Monitor adherence to gluten-free diet for anyone aiming to follow a GF lifestyle

- Monitor accidental (unintentional) consumption of gluten for both the celiac and non-celiac gluten sensitive patient, even if they are not experiencing symptoms

- Assist in the assessment of refractory celiac (failure to heal despite going GF)

Glutenin or Glutenine is a wheat protein that together with gliadin produces gluten. Glutenin gives firmness to bread dough during the kneading process by increasing the stability through a 3-dimensional network.

Gluteomorphin, also known as, Gliadorphin, is an opioid peptide formed from undigested Gliadin from gluten protein.

Gluteomorphin, also known as gliadorphin, is a peptide that is derived from the digestion of gluten in the gastrointestinal tract. Specifically, gluteomorphin is produced when the digestive enzymes break down a protein in gluten called gliadin.

Gluteomorphin has been found to have opioid-like effects, meaning that it can bind to the opioid receptors in the brain and produce feelings of euphoria and relaxation. Some researchers have suggested that this may be one reason why people with gluten sensitivity or celiac disease may experience cravings or addiction-like behaviors when consuming gluten-containing foods.

The GlycA test assesses a specific NMR signal, distinct from lipoprotein particle analysis, and is regarded as a potential marker of systemic inflammation, offering clinical utility comparable to high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), fibrinogen, and other inflammation biomarkers. This NMR signal, termed "GlycA," originates from N-acetylglucosamine moieties on circulating glycoproteins' carbohydrate portions.

Glycated hemoglobin, commonly known as HbA1c, is a form of hemoglobin that is chemically linked to glucose. Hemoglobin is a protein in red blood cells that normally carries oxygen throughout your body. When glucose (sugar) in your bloodstream attaches to hemoglobin, it forms HbA1c. The higher your blood glucose levels, the more glycated hemoglobin is formed. Doctors use the HbA1c test as a marker to get an average of an individual's blood sugar levels over the past two to three months. This test is crucial for managing diabetes, as it helps to evaluate how well a person is keeping their blood glucose levels in check. Unlike daily blood sugar tests, which can fluctuate greatly from day to day and hour to hour, HbA1c provides a more stable and long-term gauge of blood sugar control. This makes it an essential tool not only for diagnosing diabetes but also for monitoring the effectiveness of treatment plans.