The marker "Total Estrogen Load" in a FU Female FMV Urine Comprehensive Hormone Panel is a critical measure for assessing the overall estrogenic activity in a woman's body. This comprehensive assessment quantifies the cumulative levels of estrogens, including estrone (E1), estradiol (E2), and estriol (E3), over an entire menstrual cycle.

Estrogens are key hormones in female reproductive health, influencing menstrual cycle regulation, fertility, and secondary sexual characteristics. In a clinical setting, analyzing the total estrogen load is vital for diagnosing and managing conditions such as estrogen dominance, where there is an imbalance between estrogen and progesterone levels, often leading to symptoms like irregular menstrual cycles, fibrocystic breasts, mood swings, and weight gain.

Total estrogen is a reliable test for estrogen status and is used to detect hormone imbalances.

Estrogen is known as the “female” hormone. The four major naturally occurring estrogens in women are estrone (E1), estradiol (E2), estriol (E3), and estetrol (E4).

The Fecal Fat test helps your doctor identify if you have pancreatic or intestinal disorders. It can also show that enzymes, which are prescribed are working in the case of known malabsorption disorders.

Since most of the dietary fat is composed of triglycerides, excess fecal triglyceride levels indicate incomplete fat hydrolysis (maldigestion). This is possibly due to inadequate pancreatic secretion or activation of pancreatic lipase, which can cause excessive, unhydrolyzed triglycerides to be excreted in the feces.

Glutathione is an antioxidant, a type of chemical which helps to boost your immune system as well as prevent and reverse cellular damage.  Unlike most antioxidants which come from the food you eat, glutathione is naturally produced by the body in the liver. Glutathione plays a number of roles in overall health including boosting the immune system, helping to break down nutrients in food, and protecting against chronic diseases such as Alzheimer's, Parkinsons, diabetes, some types of cancer, and heart disease.  

Glutathione is an antioxidant, a type of chemical which helps to boost your immune system as well as prevent and reverse cellular damage.  Unlike most antioxidants which come from the food you eat, glutathione is naturally produced by the body in the liver. Glutathione plays a number of roles in overall health including boosting the immune system, helping to break down nutrients in food, and protecting against chronic diseases such as Alzheimer's, Parkinsons, diabetes, some types of cancer, and heart disease.  

What is Total IgA?

Total IgA measures the concentration of Immunoglobulin A in the blood, an antibody that plays a crucial role in immune defense—particularly in the mucous membranes of the respiratory, gastrointestinal, and urogenital tracts. It is the body’s first line of defense against inhaled, ingested, and sexually transmitted pathogens.

Why is Total IgA important?

IgA provides immune protection by neutralizing viruses and bacteria before they penetrate deeper into the body. It is also involved in maintaining a healthy balance of immune tolerance in the gut. Abnormal IgA levels can signal underlying immune disorders or chronic inflammatory conditions.

The Total IgA biomarker on the 1018 Celiac Profile - Serum by Genova Diagnostics measures the overall levels of Immunoglobulin A (IgA), an essential antibody that plays a crucial role in the immune system, particularly at mucosal surfaces like the gastrointestinal tract. IgA protects against pathogens and dietary antigens, such as gluten, which are processed in the gut. In the context of celiac disease testing, Total IgA is measured to ensure the accuracy of IgA-dependent biomarkers, such as anti-tissue transglutaminase (tTG IgA) and deamidated gliadin peptide (DGP IgA).

What is Total IgG?

Total IgG measures the concentration of Immunoglobulin G, the most abundant antibody in the bloodstream. IgG plays a central role in long-term immune protection by recognizing and neutralizing viruses, bacteria, and other foreign invaders. It also helps the immune system "remember" past infections, providing immunity over time.

Why is Total IgG important?

IgG is essential for fighting infections and for the effectiveness of vaccinations. It circulates in the blood and tissues, identifying pathogens and helping to trigger a broader immune response. Total IgG measurement provides insight into the strength and status of your adaptive immune system.

Total insulin is a critical marker used to measure the overall insulin levels in the bloodstream, which can provide valuable insights into a person's metabolic health. Insulin is a hormone produced by the pancreas that plays a vital role in regulating blood sugar levels by facilitating the uptake of glucose into cells. By assessing total insulin levels, healthcare professionals can determine how effectively the body is responding to glucose and insulin, which is essential for diagnosing and managing conditions like diabetes, insulin resistance, and metabolic syndrome. Elevated total insulin levels can indicate insulin resistance, where the body's cells are less responsive to insulin, often leading to high blood sugar levels and, eventually, type 2 diabetes. Conversely, low insulin levels can point to conditions such as type 1 diabetes, where the pancreas produces little or no insulin. Monitoring total insulin is crucial for understanding an individual's risk for these conditions and for tailoring appropriate dietary, lifestyle, and medical interventions to maintain optimal health. Regular monitoring can help detect early changes in insulin sensitivity, enabling timely interventions to prevent the progression of metabolic disorders.

Total iron-binding capacity (TIBC) is a blood test to see if you have too much or too little iron in the blood. Iron is vital in that it transports oxygen around the body. Frequently, a TIBC is ordered along with several other tests to determine the cause of conditions like anemia or to assess blood health in general.

Total Lactobacilli measured in x10^3 CFU/g (Colony Forming Units per gram) is a critical biomarker indicating the presence and abundance of beneficial Lactobacillus bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract. These gram-positive bacteria are key contributors to the gut microbiome, supporting both digestive and overall health.

Clinicians use Total Lactobacilli levels to assess the state of beneficial bacteria in the gut ecosystem. Healthy levels are associated with improved digestive function and immune health, while low levels may signal an imbalance in the gut microbiome, also known as dysbiosis.

Total Memory CD27+ % is a key measurement in B cell subset analysis that indicates the proportion of memory B cells within the B cell population. CD27, a tumor necrosis factor receptor family member, serves as a reliable marker for memory B cells and signifies previous antigen exposure and successful immune responses. When measured as a percentage of CD19+ B cells, the typical range in healthy adults is 25-45%. The analysis includes both switched (IgD-CD27+) and non-switched (IgD+CD27+) memory B cells. This marker is clinically significant for assessing various immunological conditions such as Common Variable Immunodeficiency (CVID), autoimmune diseases, and immunosenescence, as well as monitoring treatment responses and immune reconstitution. The percentage typically varies with age, with older adults showing higher values due to accumulated antigen exposure, while younger individuals generally have lower percentages as they are still developing their immunological memory.

The Total Memory CD27+ Absolute Count (Abs) measures the number of CD27+ memory T cells in the bloodstream, critical for adaptive immunity and rapid responses to previously encountered pathogens. CD27, a co-stimulatory receptor, is expressed on naive and memory T cells but absent in terminal effector T cells. This marker is significant for assessing immune competence, diagnosing immunodeficiencies (e.g., CVID, HIV/AIDS), monitoring chronic infections (e.g., hepatitis, CMV), autoimmune diseases, and immune recovery after treatments like chemotherapy or transplantation. Abnormal levels may indicate immune dysfunction, active infections, or chronic immune activation. Interpretation should consider clinical context, other immune markers, and additional testing to guide diagnosis and treatment.