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Optimal range: 0 - 10 Units
Borreliella burgdorferi is one of the pathogens of the Borreliella burgdorferi sensu lato complex causing Lyme disease. Lyme disease is a zoonotic, vector-borne disease transmitted by the Ixodes tick. Clinical presentation of Lyme disease is known for the characteristic bull's-eye rash (also known as erythema migrans) but can also include myocarditis, cardiomyopathy, arrythmia, arthritis, arthralgia, meningitis, neuropathies, and facial nerve palsy depending on the stage of infection.
B. burgdorferi p66 is an outer membrane spanning protein Oms66. It is proven to be an integral membrane porin because liposome-reconstituted P66 displayed channel-forming activity in planar lipid bilayer assays. P66 has also been shown to function as an adhesin that binds the mammalian cell receptors, B3 chain and B1 chain integrins.
Optimal range: 0 - 10 Units
Borreliella burgdorferi is one of the pathogens of the Borreliella burgdorferi sensu lato complex causing Lyme disease. Lyme disease is a zoonotic, vector-borne disease transmitted by the Ixodes tick. Clinical presentation of Lyme disease is known for the characteristic bull's-eye rash (also known as erythema migrans) but can also include myocarditis, cardiomyopathy, arrythmia, arthritis, arthralgia, meningitis, neuropathies, and facial nerve palsy depending on the stage of infection.
B. burgdorferi p66 is an outer membrane spanning protein Oms66. It is proven to be an integral membrane porin because liposome-reconstituted P66 displayed channel-forming activity in planar lipid bilayer assays. P66 has also been shown to function as an adhesin that binds the mammalian cell receptors, B3 chain and B1 chain integrins.
Optimal range: 0 - 10 Units
The Borrelia burgdorferi p83-93 IgG marker detects the presence of IgG antibodies against a specific protein (p83-93) found in Borrelia burgdorferi, the bacterium that causes Lyme disease. This protein is associated with the late stages of Lyme disease and is considered highly specific to Borrelia.
What does p83-93 mean?
The numbers “p83-93” refer to a protein with a molecular weight of 83 to 93 kilodaltons, which is strongly immunogenic. It is typically expressed during later phases of infection, and the body produces IgG antibodies in response.
Why is this marker important?
A positive p83-93 IgG result may indicate a long-standing or late-stage infection with Borrelia burgdorferi. IgG antibodies generally take weeks to develop, so this marker is not used to detect early infection but rather to assess chronic or past exposure.
Optimal range: 0 - 10 Units
The Borrelia burgdorferi p83-93 (IgM) marker tests for IgM antibodies against the p83-93 protein of Borrelia burgdorferi, the bacterium responsible for Lyme disease. IgM antibodies typically appear early in an infection and signal an active or recent immune response.
What does p83-93 mean?
The p83-93 protein is a high molecular weight antigen (83 to 93 kilodaltons) found on Borrelia burgdorferi. It is most often associated with late-stage Lyme disease, although detection of IgM against this protein can occasionally appear in early stages if the immune response is robust.
Optimal range: 0 - 10 Units
Borreliella burgdorferi is one of the pathogens of the Borreliella burgdorferi sensu lato complex causing Lyme disease. Lyme disease is a zoonotic, vector-borne disease transmitted by the Ixodes tick. Clinical presentation of Lyme disease is known for the characteristic bull's-eye rash (also known as erythema migrans) but can also include myocarditis, cardiomyopathy, arrythmia, arthritis, arthralgia, meningitis, neuropathies, and facial nerve palsy depending on the stage of infection.
Optimal range: 0 - 10 Units
The VlsE1 – IgM marker detects early immune system activity against Borrelia burgdorferi, the bacterium that causes Lyme disease. VlsE1 (Variable major protein-like sequence Expressed 1) is a highly specific surface protein used by the bacterium to evade the immune system through antigenic variation. Because of this, VlsE1 is a key target in serological testing for Lyme disease.
IgM antibodies are typically the first type of antibody produced by the immune system in response to an infection. Therefore, a positive or elevated IgM result for Borrelia burgdorferi VlsE1 may indicate recent or current infection.
A medium result for Borrelia burgdorferi VlsE1 – IgM indicates a moderate level of IgM antibodies targeting the VlsE1 protein of the Lyme disease bacterium. This suggests that the immune system has recently encountered the pathogen and is mounting a response, but the antibody levels are not high enough to be considered strongly positive. A medium IgM result may reflect an early or evolving immune response, a past exposure with lingering antibodies, or potentially nonspecific reactivity. On its own, this result does not confirm active Lyme disease and should be interpreted alongside symptoms, exposure history, and other diagnostic markers such as IgG or PCR.
Optimal range: 0 - 10 Units
Borrelia garinii is one of several Borrelia species that can cause Lyme borreliosis, primarily found in Europe and parts of Asia. It is closely related to Borrelia burgdorferi, the main species responsible for Lyme disease in North America. B. garinii is especially associated with neurological symptoms, such as meningitis or nerve pain.
The OspC (Outer surface protein C) is a major surface protein expressed by Borrelia during the early stages of infection, and it plays a key role in the immune system's recognition of the bacterium. The IgG antibody test for Borrelia garinii OspC measures your body’s longer-term immune response to this specific protein, indicating prior exposure or ongoing immune activity.
A medium result for Borrelia garinii OspC – IgG* indicates a moderate level of long-term antibodies. This can reflect:
Past infection with partial immune clearance
Low-grade or waning immune response
A nonspecific immune signal that may need further testing to confirm clinical significance
Medium results are considered indeterminate or equivocal and should be evaluated in the broader context of symptoms, exposure history, and other lab markers such as IgM antibodies or PCR.
Optimal range: 0 - 10 Units
Borrelia hermsii is a bacterial species that causes tick-borne relapsing fever (TBRF), a disease characterized by recurring episodes of fever and other flu-like symptoms. It is transmitted to humans by soft-bodied ticks of the Ornithodoros genus, which typically feed quickly and are often found in rodent-infested cabins, campsites, or rustic buildings in the western United States and parts of Canada.
The IgG antibody test for Borrelia hermsii measures your body's longer-term immune response to this pathogen. IgG antibodies typically appear weeks after infection and can remain in the bloodstream for months or years after exposure.
A medium IgG result for Borrelia hermsii indicates a moderate level of antibodies, which may reflect:
Previous exposure to the bacterium
An early IgG response in the transition from active to resolved infection
A nonspecific or borderline immune signal, particularly if no symptoms are present
Medium results should be interpreted in the context of your symptoms, risk factors, and other test results, such as IgM antibodies or PCR testing.
Optimal range: 0 - 10 Units
Borrelia maritima is a lesser-known species within the Borrelia genus—a group of bacteria that includes species responsible for Lyme disease and relapsing fever. B. maritima has been identified in ticks and marine or coastal wildlife, but it is not currently recognized as a confirmed cause of human illness. Its presence on testing panels is typically used to explore environmental exposure to Borrelia species or potential cross-reactivity with more well-studied pathogens, such as Borrelia burgdorferi.
The IgG antibody test for Borrelia maritima detects long-term antibodies that the immune system produces weeks after exposure to the bacterium. IgG antibodies can remain in the blood for months or even years, indicating prior immune system recognition of the organism.
A medium IgG result indicates a moderate antibody level, which may reflect:
Recent or remote past exposure to B. maritima or a related species
A low-grade or nonspecific immune response
A borderline result that may not be clinically significant unless accompanied by symptoms or other positive markers
Optimal range: 0 - 10 Units
Borrelia mayonii is a recently identified species of bacteria in the Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato complex and is known to cause a form of Lyme disease in the Upper Midwest region of the United States. Unlike Borrelia burgdorferi, B. mayonii may lead to more severe or unusual symptoms such as higher fevers, nausea, vomiting, and diffuse rashes rather than the classic bull's-eye rash.
The IgG antibody test for Borrelia mayonii detects the body’s longer-term immune response to this bacterium. IgG antibodies typically appear several weeks after infection and can persist for months or even years.
A medium result for Borrelia mayonii – IgG indicates a moderate level of antibodies, which may reflect:
Past exposure with lingering antibodies
Early-stage IgG response, before levels reach a strong positive
Low-level reactivity that may or may not be clinically significant
This result should be interpreted alongside other laboratory markers, especially IgM results, symptom history, and any potential tick exposure.
Optimal range: 0 - 10 Units
Borrelia spielmanii is one of several Borrelia species known to cause Lyme borreliosis, primarily in Europe. While it is less well-known than Borrelia burgdorferi or Borrelia garinii, B. spielmanii has been identified in patients with skin-related Lyme symptoms, such as erythema migrans (the classic Lyme rash). It is transmitted by Ixodes ticks, the same genus responsible for spreading other Lyme-causing Borrelia species.
The OspC (Outer Surface Protein C) is an early-expressed protein by Borrelia during infection. The IgM antibody test for B. spielmanii OspC measures your body’s initial immune response to this protein. Since IgM is the first class of antibody produced, it often indicates a recent or active infection.
A medium result for Borrelia spielmanii OspC – IgM indicates a moderate level of early immune response. This may reflect:
An early infection that is still developing
A recent but resolving infection
A nonspecific or borderline immune reaction that may require follow-up testing to clarify
Medium results are not diagnostic on their own and should be reviewed in the context of symptoms, exposure history, and additional biomarkers.
Optimal range: 0 - 10 Units
Understanding Borrelia turicatae and Your Tickborne Disease Test Result
Borrelia turicatae is a significant cause of tick-borne relapsing fever (TBRF) in the southwestern United States. It is transmitted by Ornithodoros turicata, a soft-bodied tick notable for its extremely rapid feeding—often completing a blood meal in minutes. This brief feeding period makes transmission events difficult to detect. These ticks are commonly found in caves and in the burrows of ground squirrels and prairie dogs throughout the Plains and desert regions of the Southwest.
Strong epidemiological evidence links B. turicatae to human infection. While recurrent fever is a hallmark of relapsing fever, infected individuals may also experience a broad range of nonspecific symptoms. Clinical features can include chills, nausea, headache, muscle and joint pain, vomiting, fatigue, and thrombocytopenia (low platelet count), among others. These symptoms can mimic those of many other illnesses, which often makes diagnosis challenging.
If your Vibrant America Tickborne Disease panel shows a "medium" IgG result for Borrelia turicatae, this indicates a moderate level of antibodies in your blood. This level is higher than what’s considered normal (or negative), but it does not reach the threshold for a strong positive.
A medium IgG result can suggest:
Past exposure to Borrelia turicatae, with antibodies lingering from a previous infection.
Early or resolving infection, where IgG levels are still rising or beginning to decline.
Low-level or nonspecific immune response, which may not indicate an active or clinically significant infection.
It’s important to understand that this result alone is not diagnostic of an active infection. It should always be considered in the context of your symptoms, known or possible tick exposure, and other lab findings such as IgM antibody levels or PCR testing.
Speak with your healthcare provider. They can evaluate your clinical history, symptoms, and risk factors to determine the relevance of this result.
Consider repeat testing. A follow-up IgG test in 2 to 4 weeks may help assess whether antibody levels are increasing, which would suggest a recent or ongoing infection.
Review complementary test results. The Vibrant America panel often includes IgM testing, PCR, and screening for other tick-borne infections. These additional markers can provide a more complete picture of your immune status and infection history.
A medium IgG result for Borrelia turicatae suggests moderate antibody levels, which may reflect prior exposure, an early immune response, or a nonspecific finding. While this result is not definitive for active disease, it warrants further review with your healthcare provider, especially if symptoms are present. Clinical correlation and follow-up testing are essential for accurate diagnosis and appropriate care.
If you have results for IgM or PCR testing from the same panel, those can offer valuable context and may help clarify the stage or presence of infection. Let me know if you’d like help interpreting those results as well.
Optimal range: 0 - 10 Units
Borrelia turicatae is a species of bacteria that causes tick-borne relapsing fever (TBRF), an illness marked by recurring episodes of fever and flu-like symptoms. This bacterium is transmitted to humans by soft-bodied ticks—specifically Ornithodoros turicata—which feed quickly and are commonly found in caves, animal burrows, and rustic shelters in the southern and southwestern United States.
The IgM antibody test for Borrelia turicatae measures your body’s early immune response to infection. IgM is the first type of antibody produced after exposure to a pathogen, usually appearing within 1–2 weeks of infection.
A medium IgM result for Borrelia turicatae indicates a moderate level of early antibodies, which may reflect:
An early or developing immune response following recent exposure
A waning IgM response, as the body transitions to producing IgG antibodies
A nonspecific or borderline signal, especially if symptoms are mild or absent
Medium results are not diagnostic on their own and should be interpreted alongside your symptoms, exposure history, and additional markers like IgG or PCR.
Reference range: Negative, Positive
The Borrelia Western Blot IgG (Immunoglobulin G) is a vital component in the diagnostic process for Lyme disease, an infection caused by the bacterium Borrelia burgdorferi. IgG antibodies are part of the body’s adaptive immune response and typically develop weeks to months after initial infection, indicating either past exposure or a current, longer-term immune response. Because Lyme disease is a complex, multi-stage illness with varying symptomatology depending on the stage, the IgG Western Blot test provides valuable insights, especially in patients with symptoms that suggest chronic or late-stage infection.
