Anti-Saccharomyces cerevisiae antibody (ASCA) IgG is an immune protein directed against a sugar in the cell wall of common yeast — not against your own tissue. It appears far more often in people with Crohn's disease than in ulcerative colitis, so it's used alongside pANCA and other markers to support the differential diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease. On its own it can't diagnose or rule out Crohn's, but a positive result — especially paired with a positive ASCA IgA — raises the likelihood of Crohn's and, in people already diagnosed, is associated with earlier onset and a more complicated disease course.

Note on the equivocal range: results that fall between the negative and positive cutoffs are reported as equivocal — neither clearly negative nor positive. An equivocal ASCA IgG usually calls for correlation with the other markers and, sometimes, repeat testing.

Saccharomyces cerevisae, baker’s yeast, contains Chl1p, a putative helicase with human homologs (antiSaccharamyces cerevisae antibody – ASCA). It is required for DNA repair, recombination, transcriptional silencing and aging. Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCAs) are a group of autoantibodies produced against antigens in the cytoplasm of neutrophil granulocytes and monocytes.

Known Cross-Reactions: Mannan, enteric bacterial antigens

Antibodies Appear: Crohn’s disease, Sjögren’s syndrome

Ascaris is a worm that infects the small intestine, but its life cycle includes migration through the circulation to the heart and lungs, and into the oropharynx. Infection is acquired through the ingestion of embryonated eggs in contaminated soil or water. Ascariasis is the most prevalent intestinal helminth infection in the world; current estimates suggest that more than 1 billion persons are infected. In the US, infection is more common in rural parts of the southeast.

Most individuals have no noticeable symptoms. Migrating larvae may produce “verminous pneumonia”. However, heavy infection, especially in children, may produce abdominal cramps, and a mass of tangled worms may cause intestinal obstruction. Aberrant migration of individual adult worms occasionally leads to obstructions resulting in cholangitis, cholecystitis, liver abscess, pancreatitis, appendicitis, or peritonitis.

Ascaris lumbricoides, an intestinal roundworm, is one of the most common helminthic human infections worldwide.

Ascaris lumbricoides is the largest intestinal nematode of man. The female worms are larger than the males and can measure 40 cm in length and 6 mm in diameter. They are white or pink and are tapered at both ends. 

Ascorbic Acid is a natural water-soluble vitamin (Vitamin C). Ascorbic acid is a potent reducing and antioxidant agent that functions in fighting bacterial infections, in detoxifying reactions, and in the formation of collagen in fibrous tissue, teeth, bones, connective tissue, skin, and capillaries.

Ascorbic Acid is a natural water-soluble vitamin (Vitamin C). Ascorbic acid is a potent reducing and antioxidant agent that functions in fighting bacterial infections, in detoxifying reactions, and in the formation of collagen in fibrous tissue, teeth, bones, connective tissue, skin, and capillaries.

Ascorbic Acid is a natural water-soluble vitamin (Vitamin C). Ascorbic acid is a potent reducing and antioxidant agent that functions in fighting bacterial infections, in detoxifying reactions, and in the formation of collagen in fibrous tissue, teeth, bones, connective tissue, skin, and capillaries.

Ascorbic Acid is a natural water-soluble vitamin (Vitamin C). Ascorbic acid is a potent reducing and antioxidant agent that functions in fighting bacterial infections, in detoxifying reactions, and in the formation of collagen in fibrous tissue, teeth, bones, connective tissue, skin, and capillaries.

Ascorbic Acid is a natural water-soluble vitamin (Vitamin C). Ascorbic acid is a potent reducing and antioxidant agent that functions in fighting bacterial infections, in detoxifying reactions, and in the formation of collagen in fibrous tissue, teeth, bones, connective tissue, skin, and capillaries.

Ascorbic Acid is a natural water-soluble vitamin (Vitamin C). Ascorbic acid is a potent reducing and antioxidant agent that functions in fighting bacterial infections, in detoxifying reactions, and in the formation of collagen in fibrous tissue, teeth, bones, connective tissue, skin, and capillaries.

GM1 is exposed at the surface of spinal motor neurons, and in the peripheral nerves, it is limited to the node and paranodal region. Low levels of antibodies can be found in normal individuals and in patients with certain autoimmune disorders, however, high titers may be helpful in the diagnosis of multifocal motor neuropathy with conduction block (MMNCB), and paraproteinenia including motor neuron disease and multifocal motor neuropathy.

Asialoganglioside is exposed at the surface of spinal motor neurons, and in the peripheral nerves, it is limited to the node and paranodal region. Low levels of antibodies can be found in normal individuals and in patients with certain autoimmune disorders, however, high titers may be helpful in the diagnosis of multifocal motor neuropathy with conduction block (MMNCB), and paraproteinenia including motor neuron disease and multifocal motor neuropathy.

Asparagine is a non-essential protein amino acid that is present in many fruits and vegetables including asparagus, from which it gets its name.

Other dietary sources include meat, potatoes, eggs, nuts, and dairy. It can also be formed from aspartic acid and glutamine using the enzyme asparagine synthetase.

In addition to being a structural component of many proteins, asparagine is also useful to the urea cycle. It acts as a nontoxic carrier of residual ammonia to be eliminated from the body.

Asparagine is a non-essential protein amino acid that is present in many fruits and vegetables including asparagus, from which it gets its name. Other dietary sources include meat, potatoes, eggs, nuts, and dairy. It can also be formed from aspartic acid and glutamine using the enzyme asparagine synthetase.

In addition to being a structural component of many proteins, asparagine is also useful to the urea cycle. It acts as a nontoxic carrier of residual ammonia to be eliminated from the body. Asparagine is rapidly converted to aspartic acid by the enzyme asparaginase. Interestingly, L-asparaginase has been successfully used as a chemotherapeutic agent for decades.

It causes extracellular depletion of asparagine which seems to play a critical role in cellular adaptations to glutamine and apoptosis.

Asparagine is a dietarily dispensable amino acid synthesized from aspartate and glutamine. Asparagine has three major functions:

1) incorporation into amino acid sequences of proteins;

2) storage form for aspartate (is a required precursor for synthesis of DNA, RNA and ATP); and

3) source of amino groups for production of other dispensable amino acids via trasaminases.