Veillonella are anaerobic, gram-negative cocci, part of the normal flora of the mouth, gastrointestinal tract, and vaginal tract.

Veillonellaceae are normal gut bacteria involved in fermentation and short-chain fatty acid production. Healthy levels support microbial balance and digestive function, while low or high levels may signal changes in gut fermentation, inflammation, dietary patterns, or overall microbiome stability.

Quantitative Assessment:

VCL is a quantitative parameter used to assess sperm motility. It is one of the factors evaluated during a semen analysis to determine the quality and functionality of sperm.

Velocity of Straight Line (VSL) is an important parameter measured in semen analysis to assess sperm motility. VSL refers to the time-average velocity of a sperm head as it moves along a straight line between its first and last detected positions. It is a crucial aspect of sperm motility evaluation and provides insights into the ability of sperm to move efficiently in a forward direction.

In terms of what is considered a good VSL value in semen analysis, the specific threshold can vary depending on laboratory standards and reference values. However, generally, a VSL value above 25-30 micrometers per second (μm/s) is often considered indicative of healthy sperm motility. Higher VSL values suggest that sperm are capable of progressive, forward movement, which is essential for successful fertilization.

Verrucarin A (VRA) is a macrocyclic trichothecene mycotoxin produced from Stachybotrys, Fusarium, and Myrothecium. Trichothecenes are frequently found in buildings with water damage but can also be found in contaminated grain. VRA is a small, amphipathic molecule that can move passively across cell membranes.

Verrucarin and Verrucarol are trichothecene mycotoxins mainly produced by Fusarium and Aspergillus species and are known to cause tremors, immune toxicity, inflammation, are cytotoxic (= can damage cells or cause them to die), and are potent protein synthesis inhibitors (= stops or slows the growth or proliferation of cells by disrupting the processes that lead directly to the generation of new proteins).

Verrucarin and Verrucarol are trichothecene mycotoxins mainly produced by Fusarium and Aspergillus species and are known to cause tremors, immune toxicity, inflammation, are cytotoxic (= can damage cells or cause them to die), and are potent protein synthesis inhibitors (= stops or slows the growth or proliferation of cells by disrupting the processes that lead directly to the generation of new proteins).

Verrucarin J (Urine) is a creatinine-corrected mycotoxin marker (ng/g) for a macrocyclic trichothecene commonly produced by Stachybotrys chartarum (“black mold”); values above your lab’s reference suggest recent exposure (days–weeks) and reflect elimination rather than total body stores. The most typical source is water-damaged buildings (leaks, damp basements, flooding), where spores and tiny fragments can aerosolize and be inhaled; symptoms, if present, are nonspecific (airway irritation, cough, headache, fatigue), so results should be interpreted with exposure history and building conditions. If elevated, fix moisture and remove growth using established remediation (containment, HEPA, damp methods), improve housekeeping and ventilation, use appropriate PPE during cleanup, and retest in ~2–3 weeks under similar collection conditions to confirm a downward trend. Because urine concentration varies, rely on creatinine-corrected values and consistent timing; seek a clinician familiar with indoor environmental exposures if symptoms persist.

Verrucarin J is a trichothecene produced by Stachybotrys chartarum. They can grow in damp indoor environments and may contribute to health problems among building occupants. These Trichothecenes are lipophilic and thus the route of exposure can easily be through the skin, gut, and pulmonary mucosa.

The marker "Verrucomicrobia Phylum" refers to a group of bacteria belonging to the phylum Verrucomicrobia, which is often evaluated during stool tests to understand gut health. Verrucomicrobia are a less common but interesting group of bacteria that reside in various environments, including soil, freshwater, and marine ecosystems, but they are also present in the human gut, particularly in the large intestine. In the context of a GI Panel, the presence and levels of Verrucomicrobia can provide insights into the microbial diversity of the gut, which is crucial for maintaining digestive health and immune function. These bacteria are particularly noted for their role in breaking down complex polysaccharides (large sugar molecules), which is an important process in the human digestive system. An imbalance in the levels of Verrucomicrobia, either too high or too low, can indicate disturbances in the gut microbiome, which might be associated with various health conditions such as inflammatory bowel disease or obesity. Therefore, monitoring this phylum can help healthcare providers assess gut health and contribute to the diagnosis and management of gastrointestinal disorders.

What is VLDL?

VLDL stands for very-low-density lipoprotein. Your liver makes VLDL and releases it into your bloodstream. The VLDL particles mainly carry triglycerides, another type of fat, to your tissues. VLDL is similar to LDL cholesterol, but LDL mainly carries cholesterol to your tissues instead of triglycerides.

VLDL and LDL are sometimes called "bad" cholesterols because they can contribute to the buildup of plaque in your arteries. This buildup is called atherosclerosis. The plaque that builds up is a sticky substance made up of fat, cholesterol, calcium, and other substances found in the blood. Over time, the plaque hardens and narrows your arteries. This limits the flow of oxygen-rich blood to your body. It can lead to coronary artery disease and other heart diseases.

A normal VLDL level is below 30 mg/dL. Your healthcare provider can measure your VLDL cholesterol through a simple blood test. If your VLDL is high, lifestyle changes and medication can help.

What is the VGCC Antibody?

The VGCC (Voltage-Gated Calcium Channel) antibody is an autoantibody that targets calcium channels found on the surface of nerve cells. These channels play a critical role in transmitting nerve signals, especially in muscles and the brain. When the immune system mistakenly produces VGCC antibodies, it can interfere with normal nerve function and may be linked to certain neurological and autoimmune disorders.

Vibrios are inhabitants of estuarine and fresh waters and some species are pathogenic to humans, and marine vertebrates and invertebrates. In humans, some species of vibrios can cause gastroenteritis following ingestion of contaminated food or water and septicemia when pre-existing cuts or abrasions on skin come in contact with contaminated water or seafoods.