Total Testosterone in the context of a female hormone panel refers to the total amount of testosterone present in a woman's blood, measured in nanograms per milliliter (ng/mL). Testosterone, commonly associated with male health, is actually an important hormone in females as well, albeit in lower concentrations. It plays a critical role in muscle strength, bone density, and the functioning of the reproductive organs. Additionally, it influences libido, mood, and overall energy levels. The normal range of total testosterone in women varies depending on factors such as age and health conditions, but it generally falls between 15 to 70 ng/mL.

Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) have been linked to healthy aging throughout our lifespan - from fetal development to prevention of Alzheimer’s disease. Omega-3 fatty acids are anti-inflammatory and used in cell membrane production, function, and overall gene expression. Most standard American diets are deficient in common n-3 food sources such as flax, oily fish, nuts, and green leafy vegetables. Deficiencies in n-3 have been correlated with many clinical conditions such as neurodevelopmental and behavioral disorders, cardiovascular disease, cognitive decline, mood disorders, skin abnormalities, visual changes, and cancer.

The Total WBC (White Blood Cell) count measures the total number of white blood cells present in the blood, which are essential components of the immune system. White blood cells are responsible for defending the body against both infectious disease and foreign materials.

In the context of the Lymphocyte MAP panel, the Total WBC count serves as a foundational assessment of the immune system's overall state. A normal range of WBC indicates a balanced immune response, whereas deviations from this range can signal various health conditions. For instance, a higher than normal WBC count (leukocytosis) can indicate an inflammatory response, infection, stress, or more serious conditions like leukemia. Conversely, a lower than normal count (leukopenia) can suggest a compromised immune system, potentially due to bone marrow deficiencies, autoimmune disorders, or the effects of certain medications.

The marker "Total, Free (MN+NMN)" typically refers to the measurement of both metanephrine (MN) and normetanephrine (NMN) levels in a biological sample, such as blood or urine. These two compounds, metanephrine and normetanephrine, are metabolites of catecholamines, specifically epinephrine and norepinephrine. Measuring their levels can provide important diagnostic information related to the functioning of the sympathetic nervous system and the presence of certain medical conditions.

Toxoplasmosis is an infection caused by a single-celled parasite called Toxoplasma gondii. While the parasite is found throughout the world, more than 40 million people in the United States may be infected with the Toxoplasma parasite. The Toxoplasma parasite can persist for long periods of time in the bodies of humans (and other animals), possibly even for a lifetime.

Toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular protozoan parasite that is capable of infecting a variety of intermediate hosts including humans. Infected definitive hosts (cats) shed oocysts in feces that rapidly mature in the soil and become infectious.

Toxoplasma gondii is a protozoan parasite that infects most species of warm-blooded animals, including humans, and causes the disease toxoplasmosis. Tick based transmission has been increasingly considered and evidence indicates that T. gondii could be a potentially unrecognized tick-borne pathogen spreading toxoplasmosis . The parasite forms cysts that can affect almost any part of the body often your brain and muscle tissue of different organs, including the heart. The immune system keeps the parasites in check in an inactive state however, if it is weakened by disease or certain medications, the infection can be reactivated, leading to serious complications.

What is Toxoplasma gondii MIC3 – IgM?

Toxoplasma gondii is a microscopic parasite that causes toxoplasmosis, a common infection that often goes unnoticed in healthy individuals but can pose serious risks during pregnancy or in people with weakened immune systems. It is typically transmitted through undercooked meat, contaminated water or soil, or contact with cat feces.

The MIC3 – IgM test detects IgM antibodies against the MIC3 protein, which is one of the parasite’s microneme proteins involved in host cell invasion. IgM antibodies are the first antibodies produced by your immune system in response to infection and generally appear within 1–2 weeks after initial exposure. Therefore, this test helps identify a recent or current infection with Toxoplasma gondii.

What Does a Medium Result Mean?

A medium IgM result indicates a moderate level of early antibodies, which may reflect:

• An early or developing infection, with IgM levels not yet at their peak

• A resolving infection, with IgM levels on the decline

• A nonspecific or borderline immune response that may need further evaluation

This result should be interpreted in combination with clinical symptoms, risk factors, and other laboratory markers such as IgG and avidity testing.

What is Toxoplasma gondii p29 – IgM?

Toxoplasma gondii is a microscopic parasite that causes toxoplasmosis, a common infection that is often mild or asymptomatic in healthy people but can be serious in pregnant individuals, newborns, or people with weakened immune systems. The parasite is usually transmitted through undercooked meat, contaminated food or water, or exposure to infected cat feces.

The p29 – IgM test detects IgM antibodies targeting the p29 protein, a specific surface antigen expressed by Toxoplasma gondii. IgM antibodies are the first antibodies produced by the immune system in response to infection, typically appearing within 1 to 2 weeks of exposure. This test helps identify recent or active infection.

What Does a Medium Result Mean?

A medium IgM result suggests a moderate immune response, which could reflect:

• An early-stage infection, where IgM levels are still increasing

• A declining immune response as the body transitions to longer-lasting IgG antibodies

• A borderline or nonspecific immune signal, especially in the absence of symptoms

Follow-up testing is often recommended to determine whether the infection is truly active or resolving.

What is Toxoplasma gondii p30 – IgG?

Toxoplasma gondii is a microscopic parasite that causes toxoplasmosis, a common infection that is often mild in healthy individuals but can cause serious complications in pregnant women, newborns, and immunocompromised individuals. People typically become infected by eating undercooked meat, drinking contaminated water, or coming into contact with cat feces that contain the parasite.

The p30 – IgG test detects IgG antibodies against the p30 protein, also known as SAG1 (surface antigen 1), which is one of the most abundant and immunologically important proteins on the surface of T. gondii. IgG antibodies usually appear 1 to 2 weeks after infection and can remain in the body for years or even a lifetime, indicating past exposure and likely immunity.

What Does a Medium Result Mean?

A medium IgG result reflects a moderate level of long-term antibodies, which may indicate:

• A recent past infection with antibody levels still stabilizing

• A residual or waning immune response from an older exposure

• A borderline result, which may require further evaluation with IgM testing or IgG avidity to determine timing

What is Toxoplasma gondii p30 – IgM?

Toxoplasma gondii is a common parasite that causes toxoplasmosis, an infection often mild or unnoticed in healthy individuals but potentially serious in pregnant women, newborns, or people with weakened immune systems. It is usually spread through undercooked meat, contaminated food or water, or contact with infected cat feces.

The p30 – IgM test measures IgM antibodies directed against the p30 protein (also known as SAG1, a major surface antigen) of Toxoplasma gondii. IgM antibodies are produced early in an infection—typically within 1 to 2 weeks of exposure—and serve as a marker for recent or active infection.

What Does a Medium Result Mean?

A medium IgM result indicates a moderate early immune response, which could reflect:

• An early-stage infection, before peak antibody production

• A declining or resolving infection

• A borderline immune reaction, which might require confirmation with additional testing

Your provider may recommend follow-up tests to clarify whether the infection is recent or resolved, including IgG testing, IgG avidity, or PCR.

Toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular protozoan parasite that is capable of infecting a variety of intermediate hosts including humans. Infected definitive hosts (cats) shed oocysts in feces that rapidly mature in the soil and become infectious.

TRAb (TSH Receptor Binding Antibody) is a biomarker used primarily to diagnose and manage thyroid-related disorders. It is especially useful for identifying Graves' disease, which is an autoimmune condition where the body's immune system attacks the thyroid, causing it to become overactive. TRAb testing can also help diagnose neonatal hypothyroidism, a condition in newborns where the thyroid is underactive, and postpartum thyroid dysfunction, which can occur in some women after childbirth and involves temporary thyroid problems.

Trans fats are a type of unsaturated fat that have been chemically altered through a process called hydrogenation, which is commonly used to extend the shelf life of processed foods. These fats are found in many packaged snacks, baked goods, and fried foods. High levels of trans fats in the blood are associated with an increased risk of heart disease, inflammation, and other health issues. The Trans Fat Index provides a snapshot of your trans fat intake over time, offering valuable insight into your dietary habits.

Trans Fatty Acid Index Includes:

- Palmitelaidic (16:1n9t)
- Elaidic (18:1n9t)
- Linoelaidic (18:2n9t)

• Markedly increases the risk of heart disease by raising LDL-C and lowering HDL-C2,3
• Adversely impacts serum lipid levels by:2
• Decreasing rate of LDL apoB-100 clearance.
• Increasing rate of HDL apoA-I clearance

The marker "Trans Fatty Acids, Total" on a Nutristat Basic Profile from US Biotek measures the total amount of trans fats in a person's blood. Trans fats are a type of unsaturated fat that can be harmful to health. They are often found in processed and fried foods, as well as in baked goods made with partially hydrogenated oils.

Risks Associated with High Trans Fatty Acid Levels

High levels of trans fatty acids in the blood are associated with an increased risk of heart disease, as they can raise LDL (bad) cholesterol levels while lowering HDL (good) cholesterol levels. This imbalance can lead to the build-up of fatty deposits in the arteries, increasing the risk of atherosclerosis, heart attacks, and strokes. Additionally, trans fats can cause inflammation and negatively affect insulin sensitivity, contributing to the risk of diabetes.

Trans Linoleic Fatty Acid is a specific type of trans fat that is measured in the Nutristat Basic Profile by US Biotek. Trans fats, including Trans Linoleic Fatty Acid, are unsaturated fats that have been chemically altered to improve shelf life and stability in foods, but they can have negative health effects.

Measuring Trans Linoleic Fatty Acid Levels

On the Nutristat Basic Profile, measuring Trans Linoleic Fatty Acid levels helps assess an individual's intake of trans fats, which are commonly found in processed and fried foods. High levels of Trans Linoleic Fatty Acid in the body are a concern because they are linked to increased risks of heart disease, inflammation, and other chronic health conditions.