Picolinate is a neurotransmitter metabolism marker and is produced under inflammatory conditions.

Picolinate is a neurotransmitter metabolism marker and is produced under inflammatory conditions.

Pimelic acid, found in urine, is a significant metabolic marker that provides insights into various biochemical processes within the body. This compound is a dicarboxylic acid that plays a crucial role in the biosynthesis of biotin, an essential B-vitamin necessary for numerous metabolic functions, including the metabolism of fats, carbohydrates, and proteins. 

Pimelic acids are excreted in elevated amounts in urine in disorders of mitochondrial beta-oxidation and disorders of peroxisomal beta-oxidation, for which they are of significant diagnostic value.

Pimelic acid originating from fatty acid synthesis pathway is a bona fide precursor of biotin in B. subtilis.

Oral ingestion of pineapple (in any form) may induce IgE-mediated allergic reactions, such as OAS or even severe reactions like anaphylaxis.

The Pineapple marker measures IgG antibodies to proteins found in pineapple. Results are reported as none detected, very low, low, moderate, or high. These levels reflect immune exposure and recognition rather than a true pineapple allergy. Interpretation should consider symptom patterns, portion size, and overall digestive tolerance.

Bromelain is a specific pineapple antigen. When assessed alone it is more sensitive than measuring antibodies against many pineapple proteins.

The Pinto Bean marker measures IgG antibodies to proteins found in pinto beans. Results are reported as none detected, very low, low, moderate, or high. These levels reflect immune exposure and recognition rather than a true legume allergy. Interpretation should consider digestive tolerance, preparation method, and overall gut health.

The PLAC test is used to determine Lp-PLA2 in serum or plasma.

Lp-PLA2 stands for Lipoprotein-Associated Phospholipase A2.

The test is used to determine your cardiovascular risk disease, myocardial infarction and ischemic stroke associated with atherosclerosis. In recent years, a number of studies have been published pointing to Lp-PLA2 as a marker for determining cardiovascular risk.

Lp-PLA2 activity is to be used in conjunction with clinical evaluation and a risk assessment as an aid in predicting risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) in people with no prior history of cardiovascular events.

Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2), also known as platelet activating factor acetylhydrolase, is an inflammatory enzyme that circulates bound mainly to low-density lipoproteins and has been found to be localized and enriched in atherosclerotic plaques. In multiple clinical trials, Lp-PLA2 activity has been shown to be an independent predictor of coronary heart disease and stroke in the general population. Measurement of Lp-PLA2 may be used along with traditional cardiovascular risk factor measures for identifying individuals at higher risk of cardiovascular disease events. Clinical management may include beginning or intensifying risk reduction strategies.

Placental alkaline phosphatase (PLAP) is a unique biomarker among the alkaline phosphatase isozymes, with significant clinical and research implications. This enzyme is primarily produced by the placenta during pregnancy and has distinctive characteristics that set it apart from other ALP isozymes.

PLAP is encoded by the ALPP gene and is a membrane-associated sialoglycoprotein enzyme. It is expressed at high concentrations in syncytiotrophoblasts of the placenta, particularly during the third trimester of gestation. PLAP exists as a homodimer anchored to the apical and basal plasma membranes of syncytiotrophoblasts.

Plasmablasts CD38+IgM- are short-lived, antibody-secreting cells that emerge from activated B cells during early immune responses. Characterized by high CD38 expression, absence of surface IgM, and variable CD138 expression, these cells are crucial for rapid production of antibodies such as IgG, IgA, or IgE, depending on prior class-switching. Plasmablasts originate from extrafollicular or early germinal center responses and serve as a bridge between early and late humoral immunity. Elevated levels are seen in acute infections, recent vaccinations, and autoimmune conditions like systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), while reduced levels are associated with primary or secondary immunodeficiencies and impaired B cell function. With their short lifespan and high antibody secretion rate, plasmablasts are key indicators of ongoing immune activity, making their assessment valuable for monitoring infections, autoimmune activity, and the effectiveness of B cell-targeted therapies.