The Precoproporphyrins/Uroporphyrins ratio compares the amount of atypical porphyrins to early-stage classical porphyrins. Changes in this ratio may indicate metabolic stress, oxidative imbalance, or environmental exposures that disrupt normal heme metabolism.

Progesterone itself is not readily found in the urine. Instead, this test measures pregnanediol (a progesterone metabolite). Pregnanediol is well-established in research literature as a reliable marker for progesterone levels.

Progesterone rapidly metabolizes by the time it reaches the urine, and its direct metabolite, pregnanediol, is a reflection of circulating progesterone concentrations.

Progesterone rapidly metabolizes by the time it reaches the urine, and its direct metabolite, pregnanediol, is a reflection of circulating progesterone concentrations.

Progesterone rapidly metabolizes by the time it reaches the urine, and its direct metabolite, pregnanediol, is a reflection of circulating progesterone concentrations.

Pregnanediol, a key marker in male health, is prominently featured in the ZRT Laboratory Urinary Neurotransmitters panel. Pregnanediol is a metabolite of progesterone, a hormone often associated with female reproductive health but equally important in males. In men, progesterone, and consequently pregnanediol, play roles in regulating the central nervous system, influencing mood, and contributing to the synthesis of other crucial steroids like testosterone.

Abnormal levels of pregnanediol in men can indicate various health concerns, including adrenal issues, hormonal imbalances, and even potential impacts on prostate health.

Progesterone is metabolized into numerous downstream compounds, but most immediately into pregnanediol and pregnanetriol. Urine levels of these metabolites tend to correlate with levels of serum progesterone, thus may be used to assess status of the hormone.

Progesterone is metabolized into numerous downstream compounds, but most immediately into pregnanediol and pregnanetriol. Urine levels of these metabolites tend to correlate with levels of serum progesterone, thus may be used to assess status of the hormone.

Progesterone is metabolized into numerous downstream compounds, but most immediately into pregnanediol and pregnanetriol. Urine levels of these metabolites tend to correlate with levels of serum progesterone, thus may be used to assess status of the hormone.

Pregnenolone is a chemical substance that is a precursor to all steroid hormones.

Pregnenolone, measured in nanograms per milliliter (ng/mL), is a crucial neurosteroid in males, acting as a precursor to various other steroids including progesterone, mineralocorticoids, glucocorticoids, androgens, and estrogens. It is synthesized directly from cholesterol and serves as the foundational substrate in the steroidogenesis pathway, leading to the production of these hormones.

This steroid plays a vital role in brain function, as it is involved in neurogenesis, synaptic functioning, and neural plasticity, and it also influences mood and memory.

Pregnenolone sulfate is a neurosteroid that enhances the glutamate N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-receptor function and inhibits receptors for glycine, GABA, thereby regulating the excitation-inhibition balance in the CNS.

It enhances learning and memory and promotes nerve cell survival. Along with other endogenous neurosteroids, it has been implicated in the development of neuropsychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia, depression, and anxiety. Trials of the therapeutic use of pregnenolone, the precursor of pregnenolone sulfate, in schizophrenia have shown some success. Low plasma levels of pregnenolone sulfate have been observed in people with generalized social phobia.

Pregnenolone is a chemical substance that is a precursor to all steroid hormones.

Prevotella spp. is known for its ability to degrade complex plant polysaccharides (carbohydrates) and fiber.

The "Prevotella" marker is a critical component for understanding the microbial landscape of the human gut. Prevotella is a genus of bacteria that is of particular interest in these analyses because it is commonly found in the human gastrointestinal tract. Its presence and abundance can tell us a lot about a person's diet, health status, and risk for certain diseases.

Prevotella species are known to thrive on a carbohydrate-rich diet, particularly those high in fibers such as fruits, vegetables, and whole grains. Thus, higher levels of Prevotella in the gut microbiome can indicate a diet rich in these foods. Some studies [L, L] suggest a correlation between Prevotella and improved gut health and lower inflammation, while others have noted its association with certain inflammatory diseases and conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis, indicating its dual role in health and disease.

Prevotella bivia (P. bivia) is an anaerobic, non-pigmented, gramnegative bacillus which is naturally present in the human female vaginal tract, and it is also occasionally seen in the oral cavity. It has a high proliferative potential in the presence of estrogen. Therefore, its involvement in, vaginal tract infections such as endometritis and pelvic inflammatory disease, has been well described in the literature. If left untreated, it may cause more serious conditions, such as cuff abscess, abdominal wall empyema, or septic arthritis.

Prevotella copri is a gut bacteria that may cause rheumatoid arthritis. Studies consistently find different bacterial patterns in people with inflammatory arthritis vs controls.

Prevotella copri is a gut bacteria that may cause rheumatoid arthritis. Studies consistently find different bacterial patterns in people with inflammatory arthritis vs controls.