4-Hydroxyphenylacetate is a tyrosine metabolic product of certain Clostridia bacteria. Elevated levels are associated with Clostridia overgrowth, small intestinal bowel overgrowth (SIBO), or small bowel disease. May also indicate celiac disease.

For individuals with normal, healthy intestinal function, the compound p-Hydroxyphenylacetate should not appear as more than background concentrations in urine.

Measurement of 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid excretion in urine is useful in screening for diseases of the small intestine associated with bacterial overgrowth.

A tyrosine metabolic product of GI bacteria.

3-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid and 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid are produced by the bacterial fermentation of amino acids, much like Indoleacetic acid (IAA).

4-hydroxyphenyllactate is present in relatively higher concentrations in the cerebrospinal fluid and urine of patients with phenylketonuria (PKU) and tyrosinemia.

4-hydroxyphenyllactate is present in relatively higher concentrations in the cerebrospinal fluid and urine of patients with phenylketonuria (PKU) and tyrosinemia.

AKA: 4-Hydroxyphenylpyruvate, 4-HPPA

4-hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid is an intermediate in the breakdown of phenylalanine.

4-hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid is converted to homogentisate; a blockage at this step results in increased homogentisate, which can be diagnostic of alkaptonuria.

If the pathway is not blocked, 4-HPPA ends up in the Krebs cycle converted into fumaric acid.

AKA: 4-Hydroxyphenylpyruvate, 4-HPPA

4-hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid is an intermediate in the breakdown of phenylalanine.

4-hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid is converted to homogentisate; a blockage at this step results in increased homogentisate, which can be diagnostic of alkaptonuria.

If the pathway is not blocked, 4-HPPA ends up in the Krebs cycle converted into fumaric acid.

4-M-E2 (4-Methoxyestradiol) and 4-OH-E2 (4-Hydroxyestradiol) are two important estrogen metabolites whose levels are of particular interest in post-menopausal women, especially when assessed through a Hormone and Urinary Metabolites Assessment Profile. This profile is designed to evaluate the balance and metabolism of hormones, providing valuable insights into a woman's health status after menopause.

Healthy Phase II metabolism methylates 2-hydroxy (2-OH) estrogens to the more cancer-protective 2-methoxy (2-MeO) forms, and neutralizes the potentially carcinogenic 4-OH estrogens to their 4-MeO forms.

Healthy Phase II metabolism methylates 2-hydroxy (2-OH) estrogens to the more cancer-protective 2-methoxy (2-MeO) forms, and neutralizes the potentially carcinogenic 4-OH estrogens to their 4-MeO forms.

Healthy Phase II metabolism methylates 2-hydroxy (2-OH) estrogens to the more cancer-protective 2-methoxy (2-MeO) forms, and neutralizes the potentially carcinogenic 4-OH estrogens to their 4-MeO forms.

4-Methoxyestradiol (4-ME2) is an endogenous, naturally occurring methoxylated catechol estrogen and metabolite of estradiol that is formed by catechol O-methyltransferase via the intermediate 4-hydroxyestradiol.