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Optimal range: 2 - 32 mmol/mol creatinine
A tyrosine metabolic product of GI bacteria.
Optimal range: 43.1 - 528.1 nmol/mg Creatinine
4-Hydroxyphenylacetate is a tyrosine metabolic product of certain Clostridia bacteria. Elevated levels are associated with Clostridia overgrowth, small intestinal bowel overgrowth (SIBO), or small bowel disease. May also indicate celiac disease.
For individuals with normal, healthy intestinal function, the compound p-Hydroxyphenylacetate should not appear as more than background concentrations in urine.
Measurement of 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid excretion in urine is useful in screening for diseases of the small intestine associated with bacterial overgrowth.
Optimal range: 0 - 29 mmol/mol creatinine
3-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid and 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid are produced by the bacterial fermentation of amino acids, much like Indoleacetic acid (IAA).
Optimal range: 0 - 29 mmol/mol creatinine
A tyrosine metabolic product of GI bacteria.
Optimal range: 0 - 2 mmol/mol creatinine
4-hydroxyphenyllactate is present in relatively higher concentrations in the cerebrospinal fluid and urine of patients with phenylketonuria (PKU) and tyrosinemia.
Optimal range: 0 - 2 mmol/mol creatinine
4-hydroxyphenyllactate is present in relatively higher concentrations in the cerebrospinal fluid and urine of patients with phenylketonuria (PKU) and tyrosinemia.
Optimal range: 0 - 2 mmol/mol creatinine
LEARN MOREOptimal range: 0 - 6 mmol/mol creatinine
AKA: 4-Hydroxyphenylpyruvate, 4-HPPA
4-hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid is an intermediate in the breakdown of phenylalanine.
4-hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid is converted to homogentisate; a blockage at this step results in increased homogentisate, which can be diagnostic of alkaptonuria.
If the pathway is not blocked, 4-HPPA ends up in the Krebs cycle converted into fumaric acid.
Optimal range: 0 - 355.9 nmol/mg Creatinine
AKA: 4-Hydroxyphenylpyruvate, 4-HPPA
4-hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid is an intermediate in the breakdown of phenylalanine.
4-hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid is converted to homogentisate; a blockage at this step results in increased homogentisate, which can be diagnostic of alkaptonuria.
If the pathway is not blocked, 4-HPPA ends up in the Krebs cycle converted into fumaric acid.
Optimal range: 0.04 - 0.5 Ratio
LEARN MOREOptimal range: 0.09 - 1 Ratio
LEARN MOREOptimal range: 0.09 - 0.54 Ratio
LEARN MOREOptimal range: 0.01 - 0.5 Ratio
LEARN MOREOptimal range: 0.02 - 0.5 Ratio
4-M-E2 (4-Methoxyestradiol) and 4-OH-E2 (4-Hydroxyestradiol) are two important estrogen metabolites whose levels are of particular interest in post-menopausal women, especially when assessed through a Hormone and Urinary Metabolites Assessment Profile. This profile is designed to evaluate the balance and metabolism of hormones, providing valuable insights into a woman's health status after menopause.
Optimal range: 0.04 - 0.54 Ratio
LEARN MOREOptimal range: 0.05 - 0.13 Ratio
Healthy Phase II metabolism methylates 2-hydroxy (2-OH) estrogens to the more cancer-protective 2-methoxy (2-MeO) forms, and neutralizes the potentially carcinogenic 4-OH estrogens to their 4-MeO forms.
Optimal range: 0.1 - 0.29 Ratio
Healthy Phase II metabolism methylates 2-hydroxy (2-OH) estrogens to the more cancer-protective 2-methoxy (2-MeO) forms, and neutralizes the potentially carcinogenic 4-OH estrogens to their 4-MeO forms.
Optimal range: 0.25 - 0.42 Ratio
Healthy Phase II metabolism methylates 2-hydroxy (2-OH) estrogens to the more cancer-protective 2-methoxy (2-MeO) forms, and neutralizes the potentially carcinogenic 4-OH estrogens to their 4-MeO forms.
