Two types of antibodies are detected in the Western blot test.

IgM antibodies reflect a relatively recent infection. IgG antibodies in contrast are a sign of an older infection.

The two most common diagnostic tests for Lyme are the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and the Western blot. Both of these blood tests measure the presence of antibodies that form in your body if you are infected with Borrelia burgdorferi, the bacterium that causes Lyme. This marker is part of the ELISA assay.

This test measures the level of Borrelia antibodies in your blood. Borrelia burgdorferi bacteria cause Lyme disease.

The bacteria are spread to humans through the bite of an infected tick.

Lyme disease is the most common tick-borne illness in the U.S. If not treated, Lyme disease can cause an infection of the tissues covering the brain and spinal cord (meningitis).

The Lyme IgG Line Blot Interp. is a marker used in the diagnosis of Lyme disease. It refers to the interpretation of the results obtained from an IgG immunoblot test used to detect antibodies against Borrelia burgdorferi, the bacterium responsible for causing Lyme disease.

Two types of antibodies are detected in the Western blot test.

IgM antibodies reflect a relatively recent infection. IgG antibodies in contrast are a sign of an older infection. 

IgM antibodies usually disappear after eight weeks post-exposure. 
IgG remains in the serum for a very long time. 

In the Western blot test there are three bands for IgM and 10 bands for IgG.

The Lyme IgM Line Blot Interpretation (Interp.) marker is a diagnostic test marker used to assess the presence of specific antibodies called IgM antibodies in a patient's blood.

The IgM Line Blot Interp. marker helps in the diagnosis of Lyme disease by detecting IgM antibodies produced by the immune system in response to an infection with the bacterium Borrelia burgdorferi, which is the causative agent of Lyme disease. IgM antibodies are typically produced during the early stages of infection, usually within a few weeks after exposure to the bacteria.

The Lyme disease blood test looks for antibodies in the blood to the bacteria that causes Lyme disease. The test is used to help diagnose Lyme disease.

Lyme disease is caused by bacteria called Borrelia burgdorferi. Blacklegged ticks carry these bacteria. The ticks pick up the bacteria when they bite mice or deer that are infected with Lyme disease. You can get the disease if you are bitten by an infected tick, mostly in northeastern states and on the West Coast. The good news is that usually a tick has to be attached to your body for 24 to 36 hours to infect you. The bad news is that blacklegged ticks are so small they're almost impossible to see.

CD1656 are an important NK (Natural killer) cell subset.

- NK cells are best known for killing virally infected cells, and detecting and controlling early signs of cancer. As well as protecting against disease, specialized NK cells are also found in the placenta and may play an important role in pregnancy.

- Natural killer T (NKT) cells represent a specialized T-cell population that is distinct from conventional T cells. They express an invariant T-cell receptor (TCR) that recognizes self and bacterial glycosphingolipid antigens presented by the MHC class I-like molecule, CD1d.

- Human natural killer (NK) cells can be subdivided in several subpopulations on the basis of the relative expression of the adhesion molecule CD56 and the activating receptor CD16. 

- NK cells serve an important role in host defense against viral infections, as well as tumor surveillance. They are also a component of the adaptive immune response through cytokine production.

- NK cell functions are governed by a balance between activating receptors and inhibitory receptors.

CD1656 are an important NK (Natural killer) cell subset.

- NK cells are best known for killing virally infected cells, and detecting and controlling early signs of cancer. As well as protecting against disease, specialized NK cells are also found in the placenta and may play an important role in pregnancy.

- Natural killer T (NKT) cells represent a specialized T-cell population that is distinct from conventional T cells. They express an invariant T-cell receptor (TCR) that recognizes self and bacterial glycosphingolipid antigens presented by the MHC class I-like molecule, CD1d.

- Human natural killer (NK) cells can be subdivided in several subpopulations on the basis of the relative expression of the adhesion molecule CD56 and the activating receptor CD16. 

- NK cells serve an important role in host defense against viral infections, as well as tumor surveillance. They are also a component of the adaptive immune response through cytokine production.

- NK cell functions are governed by a balance between activating receptors and inhibitory receptors.

The "Lymphocyte Count" is an important marker on the Micronutrient panel from VibrantAmerica. Lymphocytes are a type of white blood cell crucial for the body's immune system. They play a significant role in defending the body against infections, viruses, and other harmful invaders. The lymphocyte count measures the number of lymphocytes present in your blood. A healthy lymphocyte count indicates a well-functioning immune system, capable of effectively fighting off infections and diseases. Conversely, an abnormal lymphocyte count, whether too high or too low, can signal underlying health issues. For example, a low lymphocyte count might indicate a compromised immune system, making the body more susceptible to infections and illnesses, while a high count could suggest the presence of an ongoing infection or an autoimmune disorder where the body mistakenly attacks its own tissues. Regular monitoring of your lymphocyte count through panels like the Micronutrient panel from VibrantAmerica helps in early detection and management of potential health problems, ensuring that your immune system remains robust and effective in protecting your overall health.

What Are Lymphocytes and What Do They Do?

Lymphocytes are a type of white blood cell essential for immune defense. They help the body fight infections, diseases, and foreign invaders. As part of the immune system, lymphocytes work alongside lymph nodes, tissues, and organs to protect against threats.

Types of Lymphocytes

1. T Cells (T Lymphocytes) – Regulate immune responses and directly attack infected or tumor cells.
2. B Cells (B Lymphocytes) – Produce antibodies that target bacteria, viruses, and toxins.
3. Natural Killer (NK) Cells – Destroy tumor and infected cells without prior activation, unlike T cells, which require activation.

How Lymphocytes Work

Lymphocytes identify and remember antigens (foreign substances like bacteria, viruses, and toxins). After encountering an antigen, some develop into memory cells, allowing for a faster, stronger response upon re-exposure. This mechanism is the basis for vaccinations.

Lymphocytes continuously monitor the body for threats, interacting with phagocytes (monocytes, macrophages) and dendritic cells to coordinate immune responses.

What Are Lymphocytes and What Do They Do?

Lymphocytes are a type of white blood cell that plays a vital role in your immune system. They help your body fight off diseases and infections by identifying and targeting harmful invaders like bacteria, viruses, and toxins. As part of a complex network of immune cells, lymph nodes, lymphatic tissues, and organs, lymphocytes are essential for maintaining your body’s defense system.

Types of Lymphocytes

1. T Lymphocytes (T Cells):

   • T cells regulate the immune system’s response and directly attack infected or cancerous cells.

2. B Lymphocytes (B Cells):

   • B cells produce antibodies—proteins that specifically target viruses, bacteria, and other foreign substances.

3. Natural Killer (NK) Cells:

   • Unlike T cells, NK cells can destroy tumor cells and infected cells without needing prior activation, providing a rapid immune response.

How Lymphocytes Work

Lymphocytes have the unique ability to remember antigens, which are foreign substances that trigger an immune reaction. After encountering an antigen, some lymphocytes become memory cells. These memory cells enable the immune system to respond faster and more effectively when exposed to the same antigen again. This mechanism is the foundation of how vaccines protect against certain diseases.

Lymphocytes are constantly surveying the body, searching for antigens—from the common cold to cancerous cells. They interact with other immune cells, such as phagocytes (e.g., monocytes and macrophages) and specialized cells like dendritic cells, to coordinate a targeted immune response.

In summary, lymphocytes are key players in your immune system, working to detect, respond to, and remember harmful invaders, ensuring long-term protection and immunity.

Lymphocytes are a type of white blood cell that plays a key role in the immune system. They are responsible for recognizing and combating infections, including viral and autoimmune diseases.

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is a clear liquid that cushions and surrounds the brain and spinal cord. It helps support the venous structures around the brain, and it’s important in brain homeostasis and metabolism. This fluid is continually replenished by the choroid plexus in the brain and absorbed into the bloodstream. The body completely replaces CSF every few hours.

The WBC count seen in normal adult CSF is comprised of approximately 70 percent lymphocytes and 30 percent monocytes. There are two forms of lymphocytes: B cells, which make antibodies, and T cells, which recognize and remove foreign substances.

Lymphocytes, when found in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) as part of a Cell Count and Differential panel, provide critical insights into the immunological and pathological status of the central nervous system (CNS). The presence and concentration of lymphocytes in CSF are indicative of the immune response within the CNS and can be a marker for various conditions, including infections, autoimmune disorders, and malignancies.

Lymphocytes (Lymphs) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) are an important marker often assessed during lab tests to evaluate the health of the central nervous system. Lymphocytes are a type of white blood cell that plays a critical role in the immune response. In the CSF, elevated levels of lymphs can indicate inflammation or infection, such as viral meningitis, autoimmune diseases, or certain cancers like lymphoma. Normal lymphocyte levels in the CSF typically suggest a healthy central nervous system. However, deviations from normal ranges may prompt further investigation to determine the underlying cause of the immune response within the brain and spinal cord.