Eicosapentaenoic Acid (EPA) is a Polyunsaturated Omega-3 Fatty Acid and is involved in the regulation of inflammatory processes and prevention of blood clots.

Omega-3 fatty acids (omega-3s) have a carbon–carbon double bond located three carbons from the methyl end of the chain. Omega-3s, sometimes referred to as “n-3s,” are present in certain foods such as flaxseed and fish, as well as dietary supplements such as fish oil. Several different omega-3s exist, but the majority of scientific research focuses on three: alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). ALA contains 18 carbon atoms, whereas EPA and DHA are considered “long-chain” (LC) omega-3s because EPA contains 20 carbons and DHA contains 22.

Eicosapentaenoic Acid (EPA) is a Polyunsaturated Omega-3 Fatty Acid and is involved in the regulation of inflammatory processes and prevention of blood clots.

Omega-3 fatty acids (omega-3s) have a carbon–carbon double bond located three carbons from the methyl end of the chain. Omega-3s, sometimes referred to as “n-3s,” are present in certain foods such as flaxseed and fish, as well as dietary supplements such as fish oil. Several different omega-3s exist, but the majority of scientific research focuses on three: alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). ALA contains 18 carbon atoms, whereas EPA and DHA are considered “long-chain” (LC) omega-3s because EPA contains 20 carbons and DHA contains 22.

→ Eicosapentanoic acid (EPA) is an omega-3 fatty acid that participates in the health of cellular membranes, mediates lipid actions, and reduces inflammatory responses in the body.

→ EPA and DHA influence the types of inflammatory response mediators made in favor of anti-inflammatory eicosanoids such as leukotrienes, prostaglandins, and thromboxanes. EPA and DHA are also noted for moderate to strong anti-depressant effects.

→ Specific to EPA, it has been shown to suppress signaling of TNF-α in adipocytes.

→ EPA also increases cerebral oxygenation.

→ EPA appears to have some beneficial influence on regulating levels of leptin and increasing adiponectin.

→ EPA may enhance adaptive immunity by stimulating B cell responsiveness.

Three of the most important omega-3 fatty acids are eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosapentaenoic acid (DPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). Omega-3 fatty acids are primarily obtained from food sources, such as oily fish. They have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antithrombotic effects, and can help to reduce triglyceride levels. 

The EPA:AA ratio is a valuable predictor of cardiovascular risk.

The EPA:AA ratio may be a marker of chronic inflammation, with a lower ratio corresponding to higher levels of inflammation. It is now well established that inflammation plays an important role in cardiovascular disease.

The EPA (Eicosapentaenoic Acid) to Arachidonic Acid ratio is a measure often used to gauge the balance of anti-inflammatory and pro-inflammatory fatty acids in the body.

Eicosapentaenoic Acid (EPA) is an omega-3 fatty acid primarily found in fatty fish and fish oil supplements, known for its anti-inflammatory properties.

In contrast, Arachidonic Acid is an omega-6 fatty acid found in animal products and some vegetable oils, which can give rise to pro-inflammatory eicosanoids when metabolized.

The fatty acid profile shows the balance of fats and their metabolites in plasma. Your overall balance of omega-3 and omega-6 fats is represented by the ratios of AA/EPA(arachidonic acid/eicosapentaenoic acid) and EPA/DGLA.

The fatty acid profile shows the balance of fats and their metabolites in plasma. Your overall balance of omega-3 and omega-6 fats is represented by the ratios of AA/EPA(arachidonic acid/eicosapentaenoic acid) and EPA/DGLA.

Epi-Testosterone is one of several naturally-occurring testosterone compounds in the body that act as steroids.

Epitestosterone, or isotestosterone is an endogenous steroid and an epimer of the androgen sex hormone testosterone. It is a weak competitive antagonist of the androgen receptor (AR). Structurally, epitestosterone differs from testosterone only in the configuration at the hydroxy-bearing carbon, C17. Epitestosterone is believed to form in a similar way to testosterone; studies found that around 50% of epitestosterone production in human males can be ascribed to the testis, although the exact pathway of its formation is still the subject of research. It has been shown to accumulate in mammary cyst fluid and in the prostate. Epitestosterone levels are typically highest in young males; however, by adulthood, most healthy males exhibit a testosterone to epitestosterone ratio (T/E ratio) of about 1:1

Epi-Testosterone is one of several naturally-occurring testosterone compounds in the body that act as steroids.

Epi-Testosterone, an often-overlooked yet significant steroid hormone, is a critical marker in the ZRT Laboratory Urinary Neurotransmitters panel, underlining its relevance in the realm of male health diagnostics. Although chemically similar to testosterone, epi-testosterone functions differently and does not possess the same androgenic properties. In males, epi-testosterone is primarily known as a natural counterbalance to testosterone, maintaining a crucial hormonal equilibrium. Its ratio to testosterone is of particular interest in clinical assessments, as significant deviations from the normal balance can indicate various health issues, including endocrine disorders or potential doping in athletes.

Epicoccum can colonize an extremely wide variety of substrates. It lives in soil all over the world and is often associated with aging or decaying plant material. It is also a phytopathogen, causing leaf spot disease in many plants. It is an agent of food spoilage and has been known to develop on apples, cantaloupes, fresh vegetables, nuts and cereals, rice, wheat, maize, pecans, peanuts, cashews, soybean and frozen or cured meats. Interestingly Epicoccum can also colonize freshwater and marine environments and has been isolated from sediment, sponges, algae and other sea plants.

In a Catecholamines, Fractionated, Random Urine test, epinephrine (also known as adrenaline) is one of the catecholamines measured. Epinephrine is a hormone and neurotransmitter produced by the adrenal glands, which are located on top of the kidneys. It is also released by certain nerve cells in the sympathetic nervous system.

Epinephrine plays a vital role in the body's "fight or flight" response to stress or danger. When released into the bloodstream, it can have several effects, including increasing heart rate, dilating the airways, and redirecting blood flow to essential organs like the muscles and the brain. These responses prepare the body for quick action in response to a perceived threat.

Epinephrine, often better known as adrenaline, is synthesized from norepinephrine in both the CNS and the adrenal medulla. Much like norepinephrine, this excitatory neurotransmitter helps regulate muscle contraction, heart rate, glycogen breakdown, blood pressure and more, and is heavily involved in a stress response. Elevated levels of epinephrine are often associated with hyperactivity, ADHD, anxiety, sleep issues, and low adrenal function. Over time, chronic stress and stimulation can deplete epinephrine stores leading to difficulty concentrating, fatigue, depression, insufficient cortisol production, chronic stress, poor recovery from illness, dizziness and more.

Epinephrine, often better known as adrenaline, is synthesized from norepinephrine in both the CNS and the adrenal medulla. Much like norepinephrine, this excitatory neurotransmitter helps regulate muscle contraction, heart rate, glycogen breakdown, blood pressure and more, and is heavily involved in a stress response. Elevated levels of epinephrine are often associated with hyperactivity, ADHD, anxiety, sleep issues, and low adrenal function. Over time, chronic stress and stimulation can deplete epinephrine stores leading to difficulty concentrating, fatigue, depression, insufficient cortisol production, chronic stress, poor recovery from illness, dizziness and more.