Deficiency symptoms: A large number of physiological systems may be affected by Vitamin A deficiency. Poor epithelial regeneration can result in skin hyperkeratization, problems with the genitourinary reproductive system (reduced fertility) dysfunction within the gastroenterological/biliary system or the pulmonary system. Patients with Celiac disease, Crohn’s disease and pancreatic disorders are particularly susceptible to Vitamin A deficiency due to malabsorption.
Vitamin A deficiency may result in night blindness and/or epithelial degeneration of the eye. The immune system may also be adversely affected, reducing white blood cell levels and impairing both cell-mediated and humoral defense systems.
Vitamin A is also essential for the developing skeletal system and deficiency can result in growth retardation or abnormal bone formation.
Vitamin A deficiency is most often associated with strict dietary restrictions and excess alcohol intake.
Repletion Information:
Most plant sources contain provitamin A carotenoids and rich sources include fruits such as cantaloupe, apricots and mango.
Vegetable sources include carrots, spinach, kale and green peas.
RDA’s for Vitamin A are listed in micrograms of Retinol Activity Equivalents (RAE) to account for the different biological activities of retinol (Vitamin A) and provitamin A carotenoids.
- For adult males the RDA is 3000 IU.
- The RDA for non-pregnant females is 1500 IU.
There is no RDA for provitamin a carotenoids.
ADEQUATE ZINC IS REQUIRED to synthesize retinol binding protein (RAP) which transports vitamin A. Therefore a deficiency in zinc limits the body’s ability to mobilize Vitamin A stores from the liver.
EXCESSIVE VITAMIN A INTAKE IS TOXIC AND MUST BE AVOIDED. Liver abnormalities, reduced bone density (osteoporosis) and central nervous system disorders may result from hypervitaminosis A. Early toxicity signs include peeling/itching skin, brittle nails, yellowish skin, alopecia (hair loss), and bone/joint pain. Provitamin A (beta carotene and mixed carotenoids) are much less toxic and not associated with the commonly noted side effects of excess Vitamin A intake.
Deficiency symptoms: A large number of physiological systems may be affected by Vitamin A deficiency. Poor epithelial regeneration can result in skin hyperkeratization, problems with the genitourinary reproductive system (reduced fertility) dysfunction within the gastroenterological/biliary system or the pulmonary system. Patients with Celiac disease, Crohn’s disease and pancreatic disorders are particularly susceptible to Vitamin A deficiency due to malabsorption.
Vitamin A deficiency may result in night blindness and/or epithelial degeneration of the eye. The immune system may also be adversely affected, reducing white blood cell levels and impairing both cell-mediated and humoral defense systems.
Vitamin A is also essential for the developing skeletal system and deficiency can result in growth retardation or abnormal bone formation.
Vitamin A deficiency is most often associated with strict dietary restrictions and excess alcohol intake.
Repletion Information:
Most plant sources contain provitamin A carotenoids and rich sources include fruits such as cantaloupe, apricots and mango.
Vegetable sources include carrots, spinach, kale and green peas.
RDA’s for Vitamin A are listed in micrograms of Retinol Activity Equivalents (RAE) to account for the different biological activities of retinol (Vitamin A) and provitamin A carotenoids.
- For adult males the RDA is 3000 IU.
- The RDA for non-pregnant females is 1500 IU.
There is no RDA for provitamin a carotenoids.
ADEQUATE ZINC IS REQUIRED to synthesize retinol binding protein (RAP) which transports vitamin A. Therefore a deficiency in zinc limits the body’s ability to mobilize Vitamin A stores from the liver.
EXCESSIVE VITAMIN A INTAKE IS TOXIC AND MUST BE AVOIDED. Liver abnormalities, reduced bone density (osteoporosis) and central nervous system disorders may result from hypervitaminosis A. Early toxicity signs include peeling/itching skin, brittle nails, yellowish skin, alopecia (hair loss), and bone/joint pain. Provitamin A (beta carotene and mixed carotenoids) are much less toxic and not associated with the commonly noted side effects of excess Vitamin A intake.
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Alpha Lipoic Acid, Asparagine, Biotin, Calcium, Carnitine, Choline, Chromium, Coenzyme Q10, Copper, Cysteine, Folate, Fructose Sensitivity, Glucose-Insulin Interaction, Glutamine, Glutathione, Inositol, Magnesium, Manganese, Oleic Acid, Pantothenate, Selenium, Serine, Vitamin A, Vitamin B1, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B2, Vitamin B3, Vitamin B6, Vitamin C, Vitamin D3, Vitamin E, Vitamin K2, Zinc