Hydroxyproline is a collagen related amino acid. Hydroxyproline is a nonessential amino acid, which means that it is manufactured from other amino acids in the liver. Hydroxyproline is necessary for the construction of the body’s major structural protein, collagen. Hydroxyproline is present in essentially all tissues and all genetic types of collagen.

The Hydroxyproline to Proline Ratio describes the relationship between Proline and Hydroxyproline and can be looked at in relation to your collagen metabolism.

The Hydroxyproline to Proline Ratio describes the relationship between Proline and Hydroxyproline and can be looked at in relation to your collagen metabolism.

Type 1 diabetes, commonly referred to as insulin-dependent diabetes (IDDM), is caused by pancreatic beta-cell destruction that leads to an absolute insulin deficiency. The clinical onset of diabetes does not occur until 80% to 90% of these cells have been destroyed. Prior to clinical onset, type 1 diabetes is often characterized by circulating autoantibodies against a variety of islet cell antigens, including glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD), tyrosine phosphatase (IA2), and insulin. The autoimmune destruction of the insulin-producing pancreatic beta cells is thought to be the primary cause of type 1 diabetes. The presence of these autoantibodies provides early evidence of autoimmune disease activity, and their measurement can be useful in assisting the physician with the prediction, diagnosis, and management of patients with diabetes.

Identification of individuals at risk of type 1 diabetes (including high-risk relatives of patients with diabetes).

IDL Cholesterol is a plasma lipoprotein. Cholesterol and triglycerides are insoluble in water and therefore these lipids must be transported in association with proteins. Lipoproteins are complex particles with a central core containing cholesterol esters and triglycerides surrounded by free cholesterol, phospholipids, and apolipoproteins, which facilitate lipoprotein formation and function.

IFN gamma refers to Interferon-gamma. Interferon-gamma is one of the cytokines assessed in the CytoDx Cytokine Response Profile offered by Diagnostic Solutions Laboratory. Cytokines are important mediators of immune responses, and their imbalances have been linked to chronic inflammation and autoimmune diseases. 

IFN gamma is categorized as a pro-inflammatory cytokine and is associated with Th1 cell responses. Th1 cells are involved in cellular immunity and play a critical role in defense against intracellular pathogens, such as viruses and certain bacteria. Interferon-gamma is a key cytokine produced by Th1 cells and is essential for activating immune responses against these intracellular pathogens.

Testing for IgE antibodies is essential in diagnosing and managing allergic diseases. IgE is linked to allergic reactions, and its level can indicate the severity of symptoms and the risk of severe reactions like anaphylaxis. Testing helps identify specific allergens, crucial for effective allergy management. It also monitors the effectiveness of treatments such as immunotherapy, where decreasing IgE levels signify positive responses. In chronic allergic conditions like asthma and eczema, IgE testing confirms diagnoses and guides treatment. Elevated IgE levels can even predict the development of allergies, especially in children, allowing for early intervention. Understanding IgE's role has also led to targeted therapies like anti-IgE monoclonal antibodies, effective in treating severe allergic asthma. Overall, IgE antibody testing is a key component in personalized allergy care.

The IGF-1, LC/MS test is a highly accurate and specific method used to measure Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1 (IGF-1), a hormone that reflects growth hormone (GH) activity and plays a key role in growth, metabolism, and tissue repair. This test is commonly used to evaluate growth disorders, diagnose and monitor acromegaly (GH excess), assess growth hormone deficiency (GHD), and guide GH or IGF-1 replacement therapy. Unlike standard immunoassays, which can be affected by IGF binding proteins and yield inaccurate results, the LC/MS method precisely measures intact IGF-1 with high sensitivity and minimal interference. It also allows for detection of rare IGF-1 variants and provides standardized results based on sex- and age-adjusted reference ranges. IGF-1 levels are interpreted using Z-scores, where values above +2.0 may suggest GH excess, below -2.0 may indicate GHD, and values within ±2.0 are typically considered normal. LC/MS testing is especially useful in patients undergoing long-term treatment, as it provides consistent and reliable measurements—making it a preferred tool in endocrine evaluation and therapy management.

Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 1 is a member of the family of structurally homologous proteins (= those with a common evolutionary origin) that specifically binds and modulates the activities of IGF-1 and IGF-2.

Serum levels of IGFBP-1 exhibit considerable diurnal variation (= the variations occur in response to circadian rhythms) with levels highest early in the morning and lowest in the evening. Serum IGFBP-1 levels are controlled by insulin with the postprandial increase (= after a meal) in insulin levels producing a four- to fivefold decrease in IGFBP-1 levels relative to fasting levels.

Insulin-like Growth Factor Binding Protein 3 (IGFBP-3) is an important protein in our body that helps manage growth and development. It mainly works by controlling the activity of growth factors, IGF-I and IGF-II, which are crucial for cell growth. IGFBP-3 is mostly produced in the liver and travels in the blood, often attached to these growth factors.

Apart from regulating growth factors, IGFBP-3 also has its own roles. It can influence cell growth, the process of cells dying (apoptosis), and cell transformation (differentiation). These functions make it important not just in normal body processes like growth and aging, but also in diseases like cancer and metabolic disorders such as diabetes.

IGFBP-3 is a multifunctional protein integral to regulating various physiological processes from growth to cancer progression and metabolic health. Its potential as a biomarker underscores its importance in ongoing research aimed at developing new treatments for diseases such as cancer, diabetes, and age-related disorders.