The P/E2 ratio describes the relationship between progesterone and estradiol levels, and is used clinically to ascertain dominance of one hormone compared to the other.

When it comes to diagnosing Lyme disease, a condition caused by the Borrelia burgdorferi bacteria, healthcare providers often rely on a combination of clinical evaluation, patient symptoms, and specific laboratory tests. One of the components sometimes found on a Borrelia test panel is the P100 biomarker. Understanding what this biomarker signifies and how it fits into Lyme disease diagnostics can shed light on the often-complex process of diagnosing this tick-borne illness.

What is the P100 Biomarker?

P100 is a protein antigen found in the Borrelia burgdorferi bacterium. This protein, along with others like P41, OspC, and others, is used to detect the presence of an immune response to Lyme disease. The P100 antigen, sometimes referred to as the 100 kDa protein, gets its name from its molecular weight. This protein becomes relevant in Lyme disease testing because it is associated with the immune response to the infection; when the immune system encounters Borrelia burgdorferi, it generates antibodies that specifically target bacterial antigens, including P100. Detecting antibodies against P100 can provide insight into a patient’s exposure to the Lyme-causing bacteria.

The Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) p18 IgG marker is a vital component of the NeuralZoomer Plus panel from Vibrant Wellness, designed to assess neurological health and the risk of autoimmunity. EBV, a widespread herpesvirus, infects most people at some point in their lives, potentially leading to infectious mononucleosis. However, many individuals carry the virus asymptomatically. The p18 IgG marker specifically indicates the body's immune response to EBV, focusing on the production of Immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies against the virus's p18 protein—a component of the viral capsid antigen (VCA), essential for the virus's infection and replication processes.

The presence of IgG antibodies against EBV's p18 suggests a past or chronic infection, offering significant insights into a patient's immune system status and potential neurological or autoimmune disease risk factors. This testing is crucial, as chronic EBV infection is linked to various neurological conditions and autoimmune diseases. The NeuralZoomer Plus panel facilitates early detection and intervention, providing a personalized approach to prevent and manage neurological health issues. By including the EBV p18 marker, the panel offers a comprehensive view of the body's immune activity against EBV, essential for diagnosing and treating conditions with a potential viral cause.

Urinary palladium (Pd) provides an indication of recent or ongoing exposure to the metal, and endogenous detoxification to a lesser extent.

As one of the rarest elements in the earth’s crust, Pd is a precious metal associated with the platinum-group metals. The chemical and physical properties of Pd account for its widespread use in catalytic and automobile related industrial applications, electronic devices, dental applications, and fine jewelry (white gold). Currently Pd is used in the manufacture of the tiny multi-layer ceramic capacitors used in wide-screen television screens, computers and mobile phones.