Free Lambda Lt Chains, Serum
Other names: Free Lambda Lt Chains,S, FREE LAMBDA SERUM
Light chains are proteins produced by immune cells called plasma cells. Also called “Free Lambda Light Chains” they link together with other proteins (heavy chains) to form immunoglobulins (= antibodies) that target and neutralize specific threats to the body (= bacteria & viruses).
Plasma cells normally produce some excess light chains that do not combine with heavy chains and instead enter the bloodstream. Free light chains refer to those that are not part of whole (= intact) immunoglobulins and are present in the blood.
This test measures the amount of free lambda light chains in the blood to help detect, diagnose, and monitor conditions associated with an increased production of free light chains.
Each type of immunoglobulin is composed of four protein chains: 2 identical heavy chains and 2 identical light chains. A particular plasma cell will produce only one type of immunoglobulin. Normally, there is a slight excess of free light chains produced, so low levels of free kappa and lambda chains are detected in the blood.
References:
What does it mean if your Free Lambda Lt Chains, Serum result is too high?
Excess light chain production may be seen with any of the plasma cell disorders, such as multiple myeloma, MGUS (monoclonal gammopathy of unknown significance, a condition that may progress to multiple myeloma), monoclonal light chain (primary) amyloidosis, and others. These conditions may go unnoticed or may progress to produce various signs and symptoms characteristic of the different diseases.
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What does it mean if your Free Lambda Lt Chains, Serum result is too low?
Free lambda light chains are components of immunoglobulins, antibodies produced by the immune system to fight infections. They circulate freely in small amounts in the blood alongside kappa light chains.
Possible Causes of Low Free Lambda Light Chains:
- Immune System Dysfunction
- Impaired antibody production
- Bone marrow suppression
- Immunodeficiency disorders
- Monoclonal Gammopathy
- Imbalance between kappa and lambda chains
- Excessive production of one type (usually kappa)
- Blood Disorders
- Multiple myeloma
- Other plasma cell disorders
- Chronic Kidney Disease
- Abnormal filtration or clearance of light chains
Implications and Considerations
- Low levels alone don't provide a definitive diagnosis
- May indicate underlying issues with:
- Immune function
- Antibody production
- Balance between light chain types
Next Steps
- Additional Testing
- Kappa/lambda ratio assessment
- Immune function tests
- Kidney health evaluation
- Bone marrow activity assessment
- Consultation with Healthcare Provider
- Determine the cause
- Guide appropriate treatment
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