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Optimal range: 0.2 - 2.8 ELISA Index
LEARN MOREReference range: Negative, Positive
The AQP4 Antibody (Cell-based IFA) test detects autoantibodies directed against aquaporin-4, a water channel protein located on astrocytes in the central nervous system.
When present, these antibodies cause inflammation and damage, leading to neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) — a condition that primarily affects the optic nerves and spinal cord and can mimic multiple sclerosis (MS).
The cell-based immunofluorescence assay (IFA) is the most sensitive and specific method for identifying these antibodies.
Optimal range: 0 - 9 nmol/mg Creatinine
- Evaluate for consumption of foods and pharmaceuticals that contain arabinitol.
- Because a common substrate for the production of arabinitol in the body is glucose, reduced intake of dietary sugars is a key therapeutic area for elevated arabinitol.
- Urinary arabinitol has been noted as a marker for invasive candidiasis or infection by Candida fungal species, though other genera are capable of production.
- Microbiome analysis is a reasonable next step if high levels of arabinitol are found in the urine. Treatment of an imbalanced microbiome can help reduce the overgrowth of pathogenic species that have been found to produce arabinitol.
Optimal range: 0 - 30 mmol/mol
Breakdown product of hyaluronic acid; also found in certain foods.
Optimal range: 0 - 96 mmol/mol creatinine
Breakdown product of hyaluronic acid; also found in certain foods.
Optimal range: 0 - 29 mmol/mol creatinine
Breakdown product of hyaluronic acid; also found in certain foods.
Optimal range: 0 - 56 mmol/mol creatinine
Produced by action of Candida hyaluronidase on the intercellular cement, hyaluronic acid. Oxidation of the hyaluronic acid breakdown by white blood cell hypochlorite produces tartaric acid and arabinose. Antifungal treatment and high-potency, multi-strain probiotics may help rebalance GI flora.
Optimal range: 0 - 20 mmol/mol creatinine
Breakdown product of hyaluronic acid; also found in certain foods.
Optimal range: 0 - 50 mmol/mol creatinine
Produced by action of Candida hyaluronidase on the intercellular cement, hyaluronic acid. Oxidation of the hyaluronic acid breakdown by white blood cell hypochlorite produces tartaric acid and arabinose. Antifungal treatment and high-potency, multi-strain probiotics may help rebalance GI flora.
Optimal range: 0.22 - 0.35 wt %
Arachidic acid (also called eicosanoic acid) is a long-chain saturated fatty acid. It is the elongation product of stearic acid and can be utilized as an energy source to build membranes.
Optimal range: 1.3 - 4.7 µmol/L
Arachidic acid (also called eicosanoic acid) is a long-chain saturated fatty acid. It is the elongation product of stearic acid and can be utilized as an energy source to build membranes.
Optimal range: 0.1 - 0.53 %
Arachidic acid (also called eicosanoic acid) is a long-chain saturated fatty acid. It is the elongation product of stearic acid and can be utilized as an energy source to build membranes.
Optimal range: 0.24 - 0.4 wt %
Arachidic acid is very long, 20-carbon backbone saturated fatty acid (20:0). It is found in various nuts, soybeans, peanut oil, corn oil, and cocoa butter. In addition to dietary sources, it can be synthesized by the hydrogenation of the omega-6 fatty acid arachidonic acid or the elongation of stearic acid.
Optimal range: 15 - 21 wt %
Arachidonic acid is an inflammatory omega-6 fatty acid. Our bodies produce this nutrient, and its excess may lead to inflammatory diseases and mood disorders.
Optimal range: 158 - 521 µmol/L
Arachidonic acid is an inflammatory omega-6 fatty acid. Our bodies produce this nutrient, and its excess may lead to inflammatory diseases and mood disorders.
Optimal range: 7 - 12 wt %
Arachidonic acid (AA) is a 20-carbon polyunsaturated n-6 fatty acid with 4 double bonds (20:4n6). Its double bonds contribute to cell membrane fluidity and predispose it to oxygenation. This can lead to several important metabolites which ensure a properly functioning immune system as well as regulate inflammation, brain activity, and other signaling cascades. AA’s metabolites are called eicosanoids which are signaling molecules. They can be produced via cyclooxygenases, lipoxygenase, cytochrome P450, and oxygen species-triggered reactions. These pathways yield molecules like prostaglandins, isoprostanes, thromboxane, leukotrienes, lipoxins, and epoxyeicosatrienoic acids. AA can be obtained in the diet from eggs, fish, and animal meats and fats – or produced directly from DGLA using the delta-5-desaturase enzyme. Although often vilified, adequate AA intake is needed to achieve an equilibrium between its inflammatory and resolution effects to support a healthy immune system. It is also fortified in infant formulas due to its importance in growth and development.
Optimal range: 5.2 - 12.9 %
Arachidonic acid (AA) is a key omega-6 fatty acid measured in the OmegaCheck test offered by Cleveland HeartLab, which assesses cardiovascular risk based on polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) status.
Optimal range: 8.6 - 15.6 % by wt
Arachidonic acid is an inflammatory omega-6 fatty acid. Our bodies produce this nutrient, and its excess may lead to inflammatory diseases and mood disorders.
Optimal range: 5 - 14.8 %
Arachidonic acid is an inflammatory omega-6 fatty acid. Our bodies produce this nutrient, and its excess may lead to inflammatory diseases and mood disorders.
