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Reference range: Not Detected, Rare, Few, Detected
Vegetable fibers in the stool may be indicative of inadequate chewing, or eating “on the run”.
Optimal range: 0 - 115 pg/mL
VEGF stands for Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor. VEGF is a growth factor that promotes the growth of new blood vessels. The body makes VEGF in response to low oxygen levels, also known as hypoxia. Thus, when tissues are receiving too little oxygen rich blood flow, VEGF is produced to provide a better blood supply to the tissues. VEGF also increases the permeability or leakiness of blood vessels. In fact, one form of VEGF, VEGF-A was once known as vascular permeability factor. VEGF plays a role in cell metabolism, bone formation, and blood cell creation (hematopoiesis). Unfortunately, cancer cells also produce VEGF to help improve their own blood flow. Interestingly, cancer treatments have been developed to block the action of VEGF to starve cancerous tumors of blood flow.
Optimal range: 62 - 707 pg/mL
The marker VEGF, Serum refers to a specific test that measures the levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in a person's blood serum. VEGF is a protein that plays a crucial role in the growth of blood vessels. This test is important because abnormal levels of VEGF can indicate various medical conditions, such as cancers, cardiovascular diseases, and eye disorders. By measuring VEGF in the serum, doctors can gain valuable insights into a patient's vascular health and the potential progression of certain diseases. This information helps in diagnosing conditions early and guiding appropriate treatment strategies to manage or improve the patient's health outcomes.
Optimal range: 0 - 20 Relative Abundance
LEARN MOREReference range: -3, -2, -1, 0, +1, +2, +3
Veillonella are anaerobic, gram-negative cocci, part of the normal flora of the mouth, gastrointestinal tract, and vaginal tract.
Optimal range: 0 - 4100000 CFU/g stool
Veillonella are anaerobic, gram-negative cocci, part of the normal flora of the mouth, gastrointestinal tract, and vaginal tract.
Optimal range: 10 - 100 Relative Abundance
LEARN MOREOptimal range: 40 - 100 um/s
Quantitative Assessment:
VCL is a quantitative parameter used to assess sperm motility. It is one of the factors evaluated during a semen analysis to determine the quality and functionality of sperm.
Optimal range: 25 - 100 um/s
Velocity of Straight Line (VSL) is an important parameter measured in semen analysis to assess sperm motility. VSL refers to the time-average velocity of a sperm head as it moves along a straight line between its first and last detected positions. It is a crucial aspect of sperm motility evaluation and provides insights into the ability of sperm to move efficiently in a forward direction.
In terms of what is considered a good VSL value in semen analysis, the specific threshold can vary depending on laboratory standards and reference values. However, generally, a VSL value above 25-30 micrometers per second (μm/s) is often considered indicative of healthy sperm motility. Higher VSL values suggest that sperm are capable of progressive, forward movement, which is essential for successful fertilization.
Optimal range: 0 - 1.3 ng/g creatinine
Verrucarin A (VRA) is a macrocyclic trichothecene mycotoxin produced from Stachybotrys, Fusarium, and Myrothecium. Trichothecenes are frequently found in buildings with water damage but can also be found in contaminated grain. VRA is a small, amphipathic molecule that can move passively across cell membranes.
Optimal range: 0 - 0.15 Units
Verrucarin and Verrucarol are trichothecene mycotoxins mainly produced by Fusarium and Aspergillus species and are known to cause tremors, immune toxicity, inflammation, are cytotoxic (= can damage cells or cause them to die), and are potent protein synthesis inhibitors (= stops or slows the growth or proliferation of cells by disrupting the processes that lead directly to the generation of new proteins).
Optimal range: 0 - 0.15 Units
Verrucarin and Verrucarol are trichothecene mycotoxins mainly produced by Fusarium and Aspergillus species and are known to cause tremors, immune toxicity, inflammation, are cytotoxic (= can damage cells or cause them to die), and are potent protein synthesis inhibitors (= stops or slows the growth or proliferation of cells by disrupting the processes that lead directly to the generation of new proteins).
Optimal range: 0 - 6.9 ng/g
Verrucarin J is a trichothecene produced by Stachybotrys chartarum. They can grow in damp indoor environments and may contribute to health problems among building occupants. These Trichothecenes are lipophilic and thus the route of exposure can easily be through the skin, gut, and pulmonary mucosa.
Reference range: -50%, -25%, 0%, +25%
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