What is Parvovirus B19 VLP VP2 – IgG?

Parvovirus B19 is a common virus that causes a mild childhood illness known as fifth disease or erythema infectiosum, which typically presents with a “slapped cheek” rash and low-grade fever. In adults, infection may lead to joint pain or flu-like symptoms. In some cases—particularly in people with weakened immune systems, certain blood disorders, or during pregnancy—Parvovirus B19 can lead to more serious complications, such as anemia or fetal infection.

The VLP VP2 – IgG test detects IgG antibodies against the virus-like particle (VLP) of the VP2 protein, one of the main structural proteins of Parvovirus B19. IgG antibodies usually develop a few weeks after infection and remain in the bloodstream long-term, indicating past exposure and likely immunity.

What Does a Medium Result Mean?

A medium IgG result reflects a moderate level of antibodies, which may indicate:

• A recent past infection that is resolving

• An early developing immune response

• A borderline or nonspecific result, especially in the absence of symptoms or recent illness

Further testing (e.g., IgM antibodies) may be recommended if symptoms are present or if there is clinical concern about current infection.

Low levels of pathogens can be normal and characteristic of a healthy, diverse gut microbiome. Increased levels of pathogens, however, could indicate that a pathogen is playing a role in symptoms you are experiencing. The Pathogen Control Index compares the relative abundances (RA) of specific pathogens to normal levels present in the healthy gut.

Note: BiomeFx is NOT a diagnostic test. If your Pathogen Control Index is low, consult your physician who can make a diagnosis and provide treatment if needed.

Patulin is a mycotoxin associated with the spoilage of grains, fruits, cheeses, and breads. It is considered the most significant mycotoxin in fruit and fruit juices; important because high-risk populations such as infants, children and the elderly consume these products. 

PBG Deaminase (also called porphobilinogen deaminase, uroporphyrinogen I synthase, or hydroxymethylbilane synthase) is a key enzyme in the heme biosynthesis pathway — the process by which your body makes heme, a vital component of hemoglobin, myoglobin, and other important proteins.

Heme is essential for transporting oxygen in the blood and for many cellular processes, including energy production and detoxification. PBG Deaminase is the third enzyme in this pathway and plays a critical role in converting porphobilinogen (PBG) into hydroxymethylbilane, which eventually becomes heme.

The "PBG/Creatinine Ratio" marker found on a Porphobilinogen, Quantitative, Random Urine panel by LabCorp is a crucial test for evaluating the presence and concentration of porphobilinogen (PBG) in urine in relation to creatinine levels. This test is significant for diagnosing and monitoring conditions related to abnormal porphyrin metabolism, such as acute intermittent porphyria, among others. Porphyria refers to a group of disorders that result from a buildup of natural chemicals that produce porphyrin in your body.

Porphobilinogen is a precursor in the biosynthesis of heme, the iron-containing prosthetic group found in hemoglobin. Normally, the body regulates the production of porphobilinogen and other intermediates in the heme production pathway. However, genetic conditions can disrupt this balance, leading to the accumulation of toxic precursors like PBG.

Genes associated with amoxicillin resistance.

The GI-MAP includes results for detection of H. pylori antibiotic resistance genes. If an antibiotic resistance gene is present, then that class of antibiotics is designated POSITIVE for antibiotic resistance. A positive result for the presence of resistance genes for a given antibiotic indicates that the antibiotic is not an ideal choice for an antibiotic protocol. Since microbes can rapidly share DNA under stress, the presence of antibiotic resistance is reason enough to avoid that drug class.

Genes associated with amoxicillin resistance.

The GI-MAP includes results for detection of H. pylori antibiotic resistance genes. If an antibiotic resistance gene is present, then that class of antibiotics is designated POSITIVE for antibiotic resistance. A positive result for the presence of resistance genes for a given antibiotic indicates that the antibiotic is not an ideal choice for an antibiotic protocol. Since microbes can rapidly share DNA under stress, the presence of antibiotic resistance is reason enough to avoid that drug class.

Genes associated with amoxicillin resistance.

The GI-MAP includes results for detection of H. pylori antibiotic resistance genes. If an antibiotic resistance gene is present, then that class of antibiotics is designated POSITIVE for antibiotic resistance. A positive result for the presence of resistance genes for a given antibiotic indicates that the antibiotic is not an ideal choice for an antibiotic protocol. Since microbes can rapidly share DNA under stress, the presence of antibiotic resistance is reason enough to avoid that drug class.

The pCO2 - Arterial marker on Labcorp's Arterial Blood Gas (ABG) Panel measures the partial pressure of carbon dioxide (CO2) in arterial blood. pCO2 is an important indicator of lung function and the body’s ability to remove CO2, a byproduct of metabolism. It plays a key role in regulating blood pH through the bicarbonate buffer system. Abnormal levels of pCO2 can indicate respiratory or metabolic issues: elevated levels (hypercapnia) suggest hypoventilation or respiratory failure, while decreased levels (hypocapnia) may indicate hyperventilation or respiratory alkalosis. Monitoring pCO2 levels helps clinicians assess respiratory efficiency, acid-base balance, and potential underlying conditions such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, or kidney dysfunction.

PEA stands for Beta-phenylethylamine and is an excitatory neurotransmitter made from phenylalanine and it modulates neuron voltage potentials to favor glutamate activity and neurotransmitter firing.

PEA stands for Beta-phenylethylamine and is an excitatory neurotransmitter made from phenylalanine and it modulates neuron voltage potentials to favor glutamate activity and neurotransmitter firing.

PEA stands for Beta-phenylethylamine and is an excitatory neurotransmitter made from phenylalanine and it modulates neuron voltage potentials to favor glutamate activity and neurotransmitter firing.