Peruoropentanoate (PFPeA) is a short chain peruoroalkyl acid and used to make various products resistant to oil, stains, grease, and water. PFPeA is ubiquitous in the environment and is spread through water, food, and vehicles. Extensive public health data is not available regarding the health effects of PFPeA, however pre-clinical studies highlight potential concerns regarding cancer, endocrine disruption, accelerated puberty, liver dysfunction, immune system damage, and thyroid changes.

Atypical perinuclear antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (p-ANCA) occur in most patients with ulcerative colitis but only in a minority of those with Crohn's disease.

This ratio is helpful when both E2 and Pg are within range, yet the patient continues to have symptoms. It is not expected to be normal or used clinically when either E2 and/or Pg are outside of their expected ranges or if the patient does not have clinical symptoms.

Based on the optimal luteal levels of urinary Pgdiol (about 1300-2000 µg/g creatinine) an optimal working range for the ratio of this progesterone metabolite to estradiol was established based on the median level of urinary estradiol (1.37 µg/g creatinine). Thus the optimal working ratio of urinary Pgdiol to estradiol in the premenopausal woman during the peak luteal phase should be in the neighborhood of about 1000 to 1500.

Normal semen pH is in the range of 7.2 to 8 and it tends to increase with time after ejaculation. Changes are usually due to inflammation of the prostate or seminal vesicles.

The pH marker on the OMX Organic Metabolomics Panel reflects your body’s acid-base balance and how efficiently it manages metabolic byproducts. Urinary pH offers insight into the effects of diet, hydration, gut microbiome activity, and kidney function on overall metabolism. A more acidic pH often results from high protein intake, metabolic stress, or dehydration, while a more alkaline pH may reflect higher fruit and vegetable consumption or reduced acid excretion. Tracking urinary pH helps identify whether your body is effectively maintaining acid-base homeostasis, supporting energy metabolism, and processing dietary acids through healthy detoxification and renal function.

Fecal pH is largely dependent on the fermentation of fiber by the beneficial flora of the gut.

Fecal pH is largely dependent on the fermentation of fiber by the beneficial flora of the gut.

Phascolarctobacterium faecium can produce short-chain fatty acids, including acetate and propionate, and may be associated with metabolic effects and mental state of the host.