N-acetyl-S-(2-carbamoylethyl)cysteine (NAE) is a metabolite of acrylamide, which is detoxified through a two-step process.

First acrylamide is metabolized by the cytochrome P450s.  

Second it is conjugated to glutathione in order to make it more water soluble.

Elevated N-acetylaspartic acid is due to the genetic disorder Carnavan’s disease, a potentially fatal disease causing spongy degeneration of the brain. 

What is Carnavan’s disease?

Canavan disease is a rare inherited disorder that damages the ability of nerve cells (neurons) in the brain to send and receive messages. This disease is one of a group of genetic disorders called leukodystrophies. Leukodystrophies disrupt the growth or maintenance of the myelin sheath, which is the covering that protects nerves and promotes the efficient transmission of nerve impulses.

Elevated N-acetylaspartic acid is due to the genetic disorder Carnavan’s disease, a potentially fatal disease causing spongy degeneration of the brain. 

What is Carnavan’s disease?

Canavan disease is a rare inherited disorder that damages the ability of nerve cells (neurons) in the brain to send and receive messages. This disease is one of a group of genetic disorders called leukodystrophies. Leukodystrophies disrupt the growth or maintenance of the myelin sheath, which is the covering that protects nerves and promotes the efficient transmission of nerve impulses.

Elevated N-acetylaspartic acid is due to the genetic disorder Carnavan’s disease, a potentially fatal disease causing spongy degeneration of the brain. 

What is Carnavan’s disease?

Canavan disease is a rare inherited disorder that damages the ability of nerve cells (neurons) in the brain to send and receive messages. This disease is one of a group of genetic disorders called leukodystrophies. Leukodystrophies disrupt the growth or maintenance of the myelin sheath, which is the covering that protects nerves and promotes the efficient transmission of nerve impulses.

N-Acetylcysteine (NAC) is a powerful antioxidant that increases the glutathione reserves in the body. 

Together with glutathione, N-Acetylcysteine (NAC) directly binds to toxic metabolites. Although N-Acetylcysteine (NAC) may be beneficial under certain conditions, excessive use of the supplement could be harmful.

N-Acetylcysteine (NAC) is a powerful antioxidant that increases the glutathione reserves in the body. 

Together with glutathione, N-Acetylcysteine (NAC) directly binds to toxic metabolites. Although N-Acetylcysteine (NAC) may be beneficial under certain conditions, excessive use of the supplement could be harmful.

N-Acetylcysteine (NAC) is a powerful antioxidant that increases the glutathione reserves in the body. 

Together with glutathione, N-Acetylcysteine (NAC) directly binds to toxic metabolites. Although N-Acetylcysteine (NAC) may be beneficial under certain conditions, excessive use of the supplement could be harmful.

N-Butyrate is one of the short-chain fatty acids produced by Lactobacillus and Bifidobacteria in the colon. It becomes a food supply capable of providing up to 30% of the energy needed by colon cells. N-butyrate improves colon health.

This short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) is produced as a result of the fermentation of dietary fiber, particularly gums and pectins, by certain bacteria that inhabit the intestines (particularly probiotic bacteria such as Lactobacilli and Bifodobacteria species).

An n-butyrate level within the reference range is first and foremost then, an indicator that such health promoting bacteria are present in sufficient amounts.

N-methylhistamine is a major metabolite of the neurotransmitter histamine.

N-methylhistamine in urine is a significant biomarker with growing interest in the medical community, particularly in the diagnosis and monitoring of mast cell activation disorders. This compound, a metabolite of histamine, provides crucial insights into the activity of mast cells within the body. Mast cells, known for their role in allergic responses, release histamine among other mediators during activation. Elevated levels of N-methylhistamine in urine can indicate increased mast cell activity, which is a characteristic feature of conditions like mastocytosis or mast cell activation syndrome (MCAS).

N-Valerylglycine (also known as N-Pentanoylglycine) is an acyl derivative of Glycine. The presence of N-Valerylglycine (among other metabolites) in urine is used in medicine to diagnose inborn errors of metabolism (such as mitochondrial fatty acid b-oxidation defects) through the use of liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry.

The Sodium to Potassium ratio (Na/K) is a crucial indicator of stress on the adrenal glands, and its proper regulation is essential for maintaining overall health. Aldosterone and cortisol play key roles in controlling sodium and potassium levels in the body, influencing blood pressure and stress response. Proper management of this ratio is vital for maintaining physiological balance and well-being.

The Na+/K+ (sodium-to-potassium) ratio is a critical marker of mineral balance and is closely linked to kidney and adrenal function. Sodium and potassium are essential electrolytes involved in blood pressure regulation, muscle contraction, and cell-to-cell communication, and their balance significantly impacts overall health.