Linoleic acid (LA) is the only essential omega-6 fatty acid and must be obtained from the diet.

From LA, other omega-6s can be created using elongase and desaturase enzymes. LA contains 18 carbons, with 2 double bonds, the first of which is at the 6th carbon position (18:2n6).

LA is found in nuts and vegetable oils (corn, soybean, canola, sunflower, etc.) as well as most meats. When the double bonds of LA are arranged differently, the term conjugated LA (CLA) is used. Although technically CLA can be termed a trans-fat, a natural type of CLA can be obtained in the dietary intake of meat and milk from ruminant animals. There are many isomers of CLA – some beneficial and others are not as well defined. There is some controversy regarding how much LA is needed from the diet for adequacy. Although LA is needed to synthesize downstream fatty acids, it may lead to increased inflammatory fatty acid production.

LA/DGLA is a fatty acid ratio.

LA/DGLA stands for linolenic acid (=LA) and dihomogammalinolenic acid (=DGLA).

The LA/DGLA ratio is a biomarker that can indicate functional zinc deficiency.

LA/DGLA is a fatty acid ratio.

LA/DGLA stands for linolenic acid (=LA) and dihomogammalinolenic acid (=DGLA).

The LA/DGLA ratio is a biomarker that can indicate functional zinc deficiency.

Linoleic acid is by far the most abundant polyunsaturated fatty acid in most human tissues. Linoleic acid is an essential fatty acid, and low levels indicate dietary insufficiency.

Linoleic acid is by far the most abundant polyunsaturated fatty acid in most human tissues. Linoleic acid is an essential fatty acid, and low levels indicate dietary insufficiency.

Linoleic acid is by far the most abundant polyunsaturated fatty acid in most human tissues. Linoleic acid is an essential fatty acid, and low levels indicate dietary insufficiency.

Linoleic acid (LA) is the only essential omega-6 fatty acid and must be obtained from the diet. From LA, other omega-6s can be created using elongase and desaturase enzymes. LA contains 18 carbons, with 2 double bonds, the first of which is at the 6th carbon position (18:2n6). LA is found in nuts and vegetable oils (corn, soybean, canola, sunflower, etc.) as well as most meats. When the double bonds of LA are arranged differently, the term conjugated LA (CLA) is used.

Lipase is an enzyme produced by the pancreas and is used for digestion. Therefore, abnormal lipase levels are usually indicative of a pancreatic disorder. A healthcare professional may order a lipase test to diagnose or monitor such a condition.

Lipid peroxides are a class of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that preferentially oxidize polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) linoleic, arachidonic, and docosahexaenoic acids (omega-6 PUFAs).

Lipid peroxides exert their toxic effects via two mechanisms. One is by altering the assembly, composition, structure and dynamics of cell membrane lipid bilayers. The second is by producing more reactive oxygen species or by degrading into reactive compounds capable of damaging DNA and proteins.

The central nervous system is particularly prone to lipid peroxidation due to the high quantity of ROS as a byproduct of ATP synthesis in a lipid-enriched environment.16 Circulating LDLs can be affected by lipid peroxidation and are implicated in diseases including atherosclerosis, metabolic syndrome, and diabetes.

Lipid peroxides are oxidative degradation products of lipids, generated by a free radical chain reaction. Because of their abundance of reactive hydrogens, polyunsaturated fatty acids are highly susceptible to lipid peroxidation, which compromises the integrity and function of the cell membrane in which they reside.

Lipid peroxides are a class of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that preferentially oxidize polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) linoleic, arachidonic, and docosahexaenoic acids (omega-6 PUFAs).

Lipid peroxides exert their toxic effects via two mechanisms. One is by altering the assembly, composition, structure and dynamics of cell membrane lipid bilayers. The second is by producing more reactive oxygen species or by degrading into reactive compounds capable of damaging DNA and proteins.

The central nervous system is particularly prone to lipid peroxidation due to the high quantity of ROS as a byproduct of ATP synthesis in a lipid-enriched environment.16 Circulating LDLs can be affected by lipid peroxidation and are implicated in diseases including atherosclerosis, metabolic syndrome, and diabetes.

Lipid peroxides are oxidative degradation products of lipids, generated by a free radical chain reaction. Because of their abundance of reactive hydrogens, polyunsaturated fatty acids are highly susceptible to lipid peroxidation, which compromises the integrity and function of the cell membrane in which they reside.

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) antibodies indicate how strongly the immune system is reacting to bacterial endotoxins originating in the gut. Elevated levels often suggest increased intestinal permeability (“leaky gut”), dysbiosis, or chronic immune activation driven by gram-negative bacteria.

Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) are endotoxins from gram-negative bacteria in the gut. The LPS protects gram-negative bacteria from gram-positive bacteria. When gram-negative bacterium dies it releases its LPS, which travels through the epithelial cells of the intestinal barrier and finds its way into the blood stream.

Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) are endotoxins from gram-negative bacteria in the gut. The LPS protects gram-negative bacteria from gram-positive bacteria. When gram-negative bacterium dies it releases its LPS, which travels through the epithelial cells of the intestinal barrier and finds its way into the blood stream.

Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) are endotoxins from gram-negative bacteria in the gut. The LPS protects gram-negative bacteria from gram-positive bacteria. When gram-negative bacterium dies it releases its LPS, which travels through the epithelial cells of the intestinal barrier and finds its way into the blood stream.

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a molecule made up of a lipid and a polysaccharide. LPS is a component of the surface membrane of gram-negative bacteria found in the gastrointestinal tract. Gram-negative bacteria include: Escherichia coli, Salmonella, Shigella, Pseudomonus, Helicobactor, Legionella, Wolbachia. As an endotoxin, LPS increases the negative charge of the bacterial membrane and promotes the upregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines.

Lipoprotein(a), or Lp(a), is a cholesterol-rich lipoprotein that is an established, independent risk factor for cardiovascular and vascular disease. Lp(a) consists of an LDL (“bad cholesterol”) particle bound to a unique protein called apolipoprotein(a). Unlike most cholesterol markers, Lp(a) levels are largely genetically determined and are minimally influenced by diet, exercise, or lifestyle changes.

Elevated Lp(a) can promote plaque formation, inflammation, and thrombosis within blood vessels, increasing the risk of heart attack, stroke, and aortic valve disease—even when standard lipid levels appear normal.