Homocitrulline is a marker that may indicate how much protein carbamoylation is happening in the body. Protein carbamoylation is a process where isocyanate reacts with the amino acid lysine, resulting in the formation of homocitrulline. This modification is thought to contribute to molecular aging and is linked to various health issues, including atherosclerosis (a condition where arteries become narrowed) and problems with the immune system.

Research has shown that patients with chronic kidney disease tend to have higher levels of homocitrulline, and these levels are positively related to urea concentration, which is a waste product that builds up when the kidneys are not functioning properly.

Additionally, individuals with coronary artery disease also exhibit significantly elevated serum homocitrulline levels. This suggests that measuring homocitrulline can provide valuable insights into certain health conditions and the overall metabolic state of a person.

The amino acid homocitrulline is a metabolite of ornithine in human metabolism.

The amino acid can be detected in larger amounts in the urine of individuals with urea cycle disorders. Both amino acids can be detected in urine. Amino acid analysis allows for the quantitative analysis of these amino acid metabolites in biological fluids such as urine, blood, plasma or proteins.

- Homocysteine is often used as an indicator of methylation status

- Clinicians aim for optimal: 2-10μmol/L

- Homocysteine must be recycled back into methionine

Homocysteine is an amino acid that requires vitamin B12 and folate to be used by our bodies. As such, homocysteine blood tests are often ordered to identify vitamin B12 / folate deficiency.

Rarely, an abnormally high level of homocysteine indicates a rare genetic disorder called homocystinuria.

- Homocysteine is often used as an indicator of methylation status

- Clinicians aim for optimal: 2-10μmol/L

- Homocysteine must be recycled back into methionine

Homocysteine is a sulphur-containing amino acid and is an intermediate metabolite of methionine metabolism. Homocysteine is a well-known cardiovascular disease risk factor.

Homocystine is a common amino acid in your blood. You get it mostly from eating meat. High levels of it are linked to early development of heart disease.

→ Plasma homocystine is higher in those with cystathionine-beta-synthase deficiency.

→ Plasma homocystine, as well as taurine, were significantly lower in insufficient methotrexate therapy responders.

→ Homocystine is an oxidized disulfide form of homocysteine, which gets readily converted to cystathionine.

Homocystine is the oxidized form of homocysteine. A substance is oxidized when it undergoes the process of oxidation. I.e the addition of oxygen or any electronegative elements or the removal of hydrogen or any electropositive element.

Homocystine is a dipeptide consisting of two homocysteine molecules joined by a disulfide bond. A dipeptide is a molecule that consists of two amino acids joined together by a peptide bond. 

Homocystine occurs only transiently before being reduced to homocysteine and converted to the harmless cystathionine via a vitamin B6-dependent enzyme. Homocystine and homocysteine-cysteine mixed disulfides account for >98% of total homocysteine in plasma from healthy individuals.

Homocystine is the oxidized form of homocysteine. A substance is oxidized when it undergoes the process of oxidation. I.e the addition of oxygen or any electronegative elements or the removal of hydrogen or any electropositive element.

Homocystine is a dipeptide consisting of two homocysteine molecules joined by a disulfide bond. A dipeptide is a molecule that consists of two amino acids joined together by a peptide bond. 

Homocystine occurs only transiently before being reduced to homocysteine and converted to the harmless cystathionine via a vitamin B6-dependent enzyme. Homocystine and homocysteine-cysteine mixed disulfides account for >98% of total homocysteine in plasma from healthy individuals.

Homocystine is a common amino acid in your blood. You get it mostly from eating meat. High levels of it are linked to early development of heart disease.

Homocystine is a common amino acid in your blood. You get it mostly from eating meat. High levels of it are linked to early development of heart disease.

The Homogeneous pattern observed in an Antinuclear Antibody (ANA) test is a specific type of result that indicates the presence of antibodies in the blood that are reacting against components in the cell nucleus. This pattern is termed 'homogeneous' because the antibodies produce a uniform, diffuse staining of the entire nucleus in a cell. The ANA test is commonly used in the diagnosis and management of autoimmune diseases, where the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells. A homogeneous pattern is often associated with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), a complex autoimmune disorder, but it can also be seen in other conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis, Sjogren's syndrome, and mixed connective tissue disease. However, it's important to note that ANA patterns, including the homogeneous pattern, are not exclusive to any single disease. The presence of this pattern requires careful interpretation by a healthcare professional in the context of the patient's symptoms, clinical history, and other laboratory findings. Additionally, a small percentage of healthy individuals can have a positive ANA test, including a homogeneous pattern, without any underlying autoimmune disease. Therefore, while the homogeneous pattern provides valuable diagnostic clues, it is part of a larger puzzle in understanding and managing autoimmune disorders.