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Optimal range: 0 - 0 mmol/mol creatinine
LEARN MOREOptimal range: 0 - 2 mmol/mol creatinine
Homogentisic acid is a breakdown product of 4-Hydroxyphenylpyruvic Acid (4-HPPA).
Elevated in the genetic disease homogentisic aciduria (alkaptonuria).
Optimal range: 0 - 2 mmol/mol creatinine
Homogentisic acid is a breakdown product of 4-Hydroxyphenylpyruvic Acid (4-HPPA).
Elevated in the genetic disease homogentisic aciduria (alkaptonuria).
Optimal range: 0 - 2 mmol/mol creatinine
LEARN MOREOptimal range: 0 - 19 mmol/mol creatinine
Homogentisic acid is a breakdown product of 4-Hydroxyphenylpyruvic Acid (4-HPPA).
Optimal range: 0 - 153.7 nmol/mg Creatinine
Homogentisic acid is a breakdown product of 4-Hydroxyphenylpyruvic Acid (4-HPPA).
Elevated in the genetic disease homogentisic aciduria (alkaptonuria).
Optimal range: 0 - 6.66 ug/mg creatinine
Homovanillate (aka Homovanillic Acid) is a dopamine metabolite.
Homovanillate and Vanilmandelate are breakdown products from neurotransmitters involved in hormone and nerve impulse transmission, called catecholamines.
Optimal range: 1.2 - 5.3 mmol/mol creatinine
Homovanillate (aka Homovanillic Acid) is a dopamine metabolite.
Homovanillate and Vanilmandelate are breakdown products from neurotransmitters involved in hormone and nerve impulse transmission, called catecholamines.
Optimal range: 1.4 - 7.6 mcg/mg creatinine
Homovanillate (aka Homovanillic Acid) is a dopamine metabolite.
Homovanillate and Vanilmandelate are breakdown products from neurotransmitters involved in hormone and nerve impulse transmission, called catecholamines.
Optimal range: 3 - 11 ug/mg
Homovanillate (aka Homovanillic Acid) is a dopamine metabolite.
Homovanillate and Vanilmandelate are breakdown products from neurotransmitters involved in hormone and nerve impulse transmission, called catecholamines.
Optimal range: 4 - 16 ug/mg
Homovanillate (HVA) is the primary metabolite of dopamine, a brain and adrenal neurotransmitter that comes from tyrosine (with BH4 and iron as co-factors). Dopamine goes on to create norepinephrine and epinephrine (= adrenaline).
Low levels of dopamine are associated with depression, addictions, cravings, apathy, pleasure seeking behaviors, increased sleepiness, impulsivity, tremors, low motivation fatigue and low mood.
High levels of dopamine are associated with agitation, insomnia, mania, hyperactivity, hyper-focus, high stress, anxiety and addictions/ cravings/ pleasure seeking (to maintain high levels).
High Homovanillate (HVA) can be caused by the use of the following supplements, foods or medications within 72 hours of collecting urine samples: tyrosine, phenylalanine, mucuna, quercetin, bananas, avocados as well as parkinson's medications.
If these are being used, the HVA on the DUTCH test may not accurately reflect circulating dopamine levels and should be disregarded.
Optimal range: 0.8 - 3.6 mmol/mol creatinine
Homovanillate (aka Homovanillic Acid) is a dopamine metabolite.
Homovanillate and Vanilmandelate are breakdown products from neurotransmitters involved in hormone and nerve impulse transmission, called catecholamines.
Optimal range: 0.39 - 2.2 mmol/mol creatinine
Homovanillate (aka Homovanillic Acid) is a dopamine metabolite.
Homovanillate and Vanilmandelate are breakdown products from neurotransmitters involved in hormone and nerve impulse transmission, called catecholamines.
Optimal range: 0.49 - 13 mmol/mol creatinine
LEARN MOREOptimal range: 1.2 - 5.3 mmol/mol creatinine
Homovanillate (aka Homovanillic Acid) is a dopamine metabolite.
Homovanillate and Vanilmandelate are breakdown products from neurotransmitters involved in hormone and nerve impulse transmission, called catecholamines.
Optimal range: 0 - 42.1 nmol/mg Creatinine
Homovanillate (aka Homovanillic Acid) is a dopamine metabolite.
Homovanillate and Vanilmandelate are breakdown products from neurotransmitters involved in hormone and nerve impulse transmission, called catecholamines.
Optimal range: 1.2 - 5.3 mmol/mol creatinine
Homovanillic acid (HVA), or 3-methoxy-4- hydroxyphenylacetic acid, is a metabolite of dopamine. Although dopamine is an important brain neurotransmitter, a substantial amount of dopamine is produced in the GI tract.
In neurotransmitter production, dopamine is formed from phenylalanine and tyrosine using several enzymes which require nutrient cofactors such as iron, tetrahydrobiopterin, and pyridoxal phosphate.
Optimal range: 0 - 11 mmol/mol creatinine
LEARN MOREOptimal range: 1374.2 - 2960.5 ng/mg CR
Homovanillic acid (HVA), or 3-methoxy-4- hydroxyphenylacetic acid, is a metabolite of dopamine. Although dopamine is an important brain neurotransmitter, a substantial amount of dopamine is produced in the GI tract.
In neurotransmitter production, dopamine is formed from phenylalanine and tyrosine using several enzymes which require nutrient cofactors such as iron, tetrahydrobiopterin, and pyridoxal phosphate.
