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Optimal range: 1.8 - 3.2 %
Hemoglobin A2 makes up about 2%-3% of Hb in adults; it has two alpha and two delta protein chains.
Optimal range: 0 - 0.0001 %
Hemoglobin C can cause a minor amount of hemolytic anemia.
Optimal range: 0 - 2 %
Hemoglobin F (fetal hemoglobin) makes up to 1%-2% of Hb found in adults; it has two alpha and two gamma protein chains. This is the primary hemoglobin produced by the fetus during pregnancy; its production usually falls shortly after birth and reaches adult levels by 1-2 years.
Optimal range: 0 - 0.0001 %
Hemoglobin S, the primary hemoglobin in people with sickle cell disease that causes the RBC to become misshapen (sickle), decreasing the cell's survival.
Reference range: Negative, Positive
The Hemoglobin Solubility test is used to help identify the presence of Hemoglobin S. The test may also detect sickling hemoglobins, and evaluate hemolytic anemia.
Optimal range: 0 - 0.9 index
HHV-6 IgG antibodies are specific immunoglobulins that play a pivotal role in the serological diagnosis and understanding of infections caused by the Human Herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6). HHV-6, a member of the Betaherpesvirinae subfamily, is known for its ubiquity and capability to establish lifelong latency following primary infection, often reactivating under immunocompromised conditions. The detection of HHV-6 IgG antibodies in serum is indicative of past exposure to the virus, reflecting an adaptive immune response. High titers of these antibodies suggest either a recent primary infection, typically associated with exanthem subitum (roseola infantum) in young children, or a reactivation of the virus in adults, which can lead to a range of clinical manifestations including mononucleosis-like syndromes, encephalitis, and complications in transplant recipients.
Optimal range: 0 - 10 Units
Human herpesvirus 7 is a herpes family virus that can stay in your body for life usually in a dormant state. It is ubiquitous worldwide and nearly 70% of all children will be exposed to the virus by the age of 4. DNA of the virus has been found in the CD4+ T cells of healthy adults which is indicative of the latency.
Optimal range: 17.13 - 768.53 ug/mg creatinine
Microbes resident in the large intestine of the human body help to break down complex aromatic compounds in dietary plant matter (polyphenols), freeing up benzoic acid, which enters the bloodstream. The liver can add the amino acid glycine to benzoic acid to form hippuric acid, which re-enters the blood and is absorbed by the kidneys. As a result, the kidneys excrete hundreds of milligrams of hippuric acid into the urine every day.
Optimal range: 0 - 1070 mcg/mg creatinine
Microbes resident in the large intestine of the human body help to break down complex aromatic compounds in dietary plant matter (polyphenols), freeing up benzoic acid, which enters the bloodstream. The liver can add the amino acid glycine to benzoic acid to form hippuric acid, which re-enters the blood and is absorbed by the kidneys. As a result, the kidneys excrete hundreds of milligrams of hippuric acid into the urine every day.
Optimal range: 0 - 603 mmol/mol creatinine
Microbes resident in the large intestine of the human body help to break down complex aromatic compounds in dietary plant matter (polyphenols), freeing up benzoic acid, which enters the bloodstream. The liver can add the amino acid glycine to benzoic acid to form hippuric acid, which re-enters the blood and is absorbed by the kidneys. As a result, the kidneys excrete hundreds of milligrams of hippuric acid into the urine every day.
Optimal range: 0 - 237 ug/mgCR
Microbes resident in the large intestine of the human body help to break down complex aromatic compounds in dietary plant matter (polyphenols), freeing up benzoic acid, which enters the bloodstream. The liver can add the amino acid glycine to benzoic acid to form hippuric acid, which re-enters the blood and is absorbed by the kidneys. As a result, the kidneys excrete hundreds of milligrams of hippuric acid into the urine every day.
Optimal range: 0 - 613 mmol/mol creatinine
Hippuric acid is a conjugate (=a compound formed by the joining of two or more compounds) of glycine and benzoic acid formed in the liver.
Most hippuric acid in urine is derived from microbial breakdown of chlorogenic acid to benzoic acid.
Optimal range: 0 - 717 mmol/mol creatinine
Hippuric acid is a conjugate (=a compound formed by the joining of two or more compounds) of glycine and benzoic acid formed in the liver.
Most hippuric acid in urine is derived from microbial breakdown of chlorogenic acid to benzoic acid.
Optimal range: 0 - 241 mmol/mol creatinine
Hippuric acid is a conjugate (=a compound formed by the joining of two or more compounds) of glycine and benzoic acid formed in the liver.
Most hippuric acid in urine is derived from microbial breakdown of chlorogenic acid to benzoic acid.
Optimal range: 0 - 680 mmol/mol creatinine
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