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Optimal range: 1 - 6.5 %
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is an omega-3 fatty acid with 22 carbons and 6 double bonds (22:6n3). It can be obtained from the diet, supplemented, or created by conversion from DPA using elongase and desaturase enzymes. DHA is present in fatty fish such as salmon, tuna, and mackerel, and low levels of DHA can be found in meat and eggs. Both individually or in combination with EPA, DHA is widely supplemented due to the enormous amount of research available regarding its anti-inflammatory role in many clinical conditions such as cardiovascular disease, cognitive decline, autoimmune disease, fetal development, visual disturbances, cancer, and metabolic syndrome.
Optimal range: 1.14 - 3 wt %
Docosapentaenoic acid, or DPA, is a lesser known member of the omega-3 family.
Optimal range: 0.34 - 5 wt %
Docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) is an omega-3 fatty acid with 22 carbons and five double bonds (22:5n3). It is formed from its precursor, EPA, by way of the elongase enzyme which adds two carbons. It can be supplemented or obtained in the diet from foods such as marine oily fish.
Not only is DPA found in most fish and marine foods but it is also present in lean red meat from ruminant animals.
Optimal range: 11 - 50 µmol/L
Docosapentaenoic acid, or DPA, is a lesser known member of the omega-3 family.
Optimal range: 0.08 - 0.83 %
Docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) is an omega-3 fatty acid with 22 carbons and five double bonds (22:5n3). It is formed from its precursor, EPA, by way of the elongase enzyme which adds two carbons. It can be supplemented or obtained in the diet from foods such as marine oily fish.
Not only is DPA found in most fish and marine foods but it is also present in lean red meat from ruminant animals.
Optimal range: 0.53 - 2.81 %
Docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) is an omega-3 fatty acid with 22 carbons and five double bonds (22:5n3). It is formed from its precursor, EPA, by way of the elongase enzyme which adds two carbons. It can be supplemented or obtained in the diet from foods such as marine oily fish.
Not only is DPA found in most fish and marine foods but it is also present in lean red meat from ruminant animals.
Optimal range: 1.5 - 4.2 wt %
Docosatetraenoic acid is also known as Adrenic acid / Adrenate.
Docosatetraenoic acid is a member of the class of compounds known as very long-chain fatty acids.
Fatty acids belong to one of three types or families: saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated. These names describe the structure of the fatty acid in terms of whether it is fully loaded with hydrogen.
Optimal range: 0.45 - 1.25 wt %
Docosatetraenoic acid (DTA) is a very long chain omega-6 fatty acid with 22 carbons and 4 double bonds (22:4n6).
It is synthesized by adding 2 carbons atoms to the backbone of arachidonic acid using the elongase enzyme. It is sometimes referred to by its common name adrenic acid and is one of the most abundant fatty acids in the early human brain and the adrenal gland. DTA has not been well studied, though it has recently been shown to have important physiologic functions. It is now believed to be a pro-resolving mediator in inflammation by blocking neutrophilic metabolites and dampening the inflammation response. For example, in osteoarthritis DTA enhances phagocytosis by macrophages which clears products of cartilage breakdown in the joint space. Supplementation of DTA is being studied as a promising intervention in osteoarthritis to dampen inflammation and prevent structural damage.
Optimal range: 2.6 - 18.1 µmol/L
Docosatetraenoic acid is also known as Adrenic acid / Adrenate.
Docosatetraenoic acid is a member of the class of compounds known as very long-chain fatty acids.
Fatty acids belong to one of three types or families: saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated. These names describe the structure of the fatty acid in terms of whether it is fully loaded with hydrogen.
Optimal range: 0.3 - 2.5 %
Docosatetraenoic acid is also known as Adrenic acid / Adrenate.
Docosatetraenoic acid is a member of the class of compounds known as very long-chain fatty acids.
Fatty acids belong to one of three types or families: saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated. These names describe the structure of the fatty acid in terms of whether it is fully loaded with hydrogen.
Optimal range: 0 - 0 mmol/mol creatinine
LEARN MOREOptimal range: 0 - 0.34 kUA/L
The Dog Dander IgE test measures the specific immune response to proteins found in dog skin flakes, saliva, and urine, collectively known as "dander." IgE, or Immunoglobulin E, is an antibody that your immune system releases when it detects allergens, like dog dander, in sensitive individuals. High levels of Dog Dander IgE suggest that your immune system reacts to these proteins, often causing symptoms like sneezing, itching, or wheezing.
If you experience allergy-like symptoms around dogs, a high Dog Dander IgE result can confirm a sensitivity. Knowing this can guide you in managing exposure and exploring options to reduce symptoms, such as allergy medications or specialized treatments.
Optimal range: 658 - 1449 µg/g creatinine
Dopac (aka 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic acid) is a metabolite of the neurotransmitter dopamine. Dopamine serves as the reward and pleasure center in the brain. DOPAC and HVA (Homovanillic Acid) are dopamine metabolites.
DOPAC levels, when viewed in conjunction with dopamine levels, may provide insight into how the body processes neurotransmitters.
Optimal range: 144 - 240 µg/g creatinine
Dopamine is a chemical found naturally in the human body. It is a neurotransmitter, meaning it sends signals from the body to the brain. Dopamine plays a part in controlling the movements a person makes, as well as their emotional responses. The right balance of dopamine is vital for both physical and mental wellbeing.
Optimal range: 125 - 250 µg/g
Dopamine is largely responsible for regulating the pleasure reward pathway, memory and motor control. Its function creates both inhibitory and excitatory action depending on the dopaminergic receptor it binds to. Memory issues are common with both elevations and depressions in dopamine levels. Caffeine and other stimulants, such as medications for ADD/ADHD, often improve focus by increasing dopamine release, although continual stimulation of this release can deplete dopamine over time.
Optimal range: 0 - 20 pg/mL
Dopamine is widely distributed throughout the central nervous system and is involved in the control of movement.