IgM antibodies: this type is the first antibody released, following any first-time exposure to a certain antigen. Once formed, it activates the compliment and initiate the phagocytic system to help the body getting rid of invading antigens. IgM are specific to our intravascularly tissues. They are the most predominant immunoglobulins released upon any early infection. If the body gets re-infected with the same pathogen, the IgM levels will no longer be as elevated as in early infections. The body will then release IgG’s antibodies instead.

Candida Immune Complexes which form in vivo are comprised of Candida Albicans antigen, anti-Candida IgG antibodies, and complement. The presence of these complexes is an indication of overgrowth of C. albicans in the gut. Candida immune complexes not only aid in diagnosing intestinal overgrowth, but that levels of complexes decrease during successful treatment of the condition

Symptoms of Candida intestinal overgrowth include bloating, itching, and skin rashes. Lehman and Reiss suggested that the presence of immune complexes to Candida is an objective means of diagnosing the condition. The results of Broughton and Lanson concluded that the marker for Candida immune complexes not only aid in diagnosing intestinal overgrowth, but that levels of complexes decrease during successful treatment.

Commensal fungi that can be pathogenic to immunocompromised patients. Causes vaginal yeast infections and can be fatal in systemic infections. May cause diarrhea. Has been suggested to cause a cluster of symptoms including GI complaints, fatigue, and muscle or joint pain but evidence is weak.

What is Candida spp.?
Candida is a genus of yeast that naturally resides in the human body, particularly in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, mouth, skin, and vaginal flora. In small amounts, Candida plays a role in digestion and immune function. However, an overgrowth can lead to various symptoms and health concerns.

The Cane Sugar marker measures IgG antibodies to components associated with cane sugar (sucrose derived from sugarcane). Results are reported as none detected, very low, low, moderate, or high. These levels reflect immune exposure and recognition rather than sugar intolerance or blood sugar imbalance. Interpretation should consider overall dietary patterns and symptom history.

Capric acid (also known as Decanoic acid) is a medium-chain fatty acid (=MCFA) abundant in tropical oils such as coconut oil, whereas small amounts are present in milk of goat, cow, and human. The MCFAs are virtually nonexistent in meats because animals oxidize them very rapidly from plants consumed, and do not accumulate in the tissues.

The CAR Decline Response is a significant indicator of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis functionality and reflects the body's response to stress. Cortisol, a glucocorticoid hormone produced by the adrenal cortex, plays a crucial role in various physiological processes, including metabolism regulation, immune response modulation, and stress response. Upon waking, cortisol levels typically surge, peaking within the first 30 to 45 minutes, and then gradually decline throughout the day, following a diurnal rhythm. This initial spike, or the CAR, is thought to be associated with the anticipation of the upcoming day's challenges and is influenced by various factors such as sleep quality, psychosocial stressors, and underlying health conditions.