Palmitelaidic acid is a trans fat.

Trans fatty acids are prevalent in most diets because of the widespread use of hydrogenated oils used by manufacturers of margarines, bakery products, and peanut butters.

Palmitic acid is a saturated fatty acid.

Palmitic and stearic acids are significant markers for high consumption of saturated fats.

Palmitic acid is a saturated fatty acid.

Palmitic and stearic acids are significant markers for high consumption of saturated fats.

Palmitic acid is a saturated fatty acid.

Palmitic and stearic acids are significant markers for high consumption of saturated fats.

Palmitic acid (PA) is a 16-carbon saturated fatty acid (16:0) and the most common fatty acid in the human body. It can be obtained via diet or synthesized from carbohydrates, other fatty acids, and amino acids. As the name suggests, it is a major component of palm oil, but can also be found in meat, dairy, cocoa butter, coconut oil, and olive oil.

Palm oil and palmitic acid are also found in many products ranging from skincare products, margarine, cereals, and baked goods.

Palmitoleic acid is a monounsaturated fatty acid. Palmitoleic acid is the desaturation product of palmitic acid. Since palmitic acid is predominant in human tissues where desaturase enzyme activity is present, one might expect relatively high levels of palmitoleic acid.

Palmitoleic acid is a monounsaturated fatty acid. Palmitoleic acid is the desaturation product of palmitic acid. Since palmitic acid is predominant in human tissues where desaturase enzyme activity is present, one might expect relatively high levels of palmitoleic acid.

Palmitoleic acid (POA) is a monounsaturated omega-7 fatty acid (16:1n7).

The main dietary sources of palmitoleic acid include dairy products, avocado oils, oily fish, and macadamia nuts. Macadamia nuts contain the cis- isomer of POA, while dairy products mainly contain the trans- isomer. Like many fatty acids, POA can also be endogenously made from the breakdown of triglycerides, the desaturation of palmitic acid, or de novo synthesis from carbohydrates. POA is an important signaling lipokine, produced mainly by white adipose tissue, that regulates important metabolic processes such as skeletal muscle glucose disposal, insulin sensitivity, and hepatic lipid deposition. It is also a modulator of adipocyte lipolysis, however, studies are mixed as to POA’s specific role in obesity. Epidemiologic studies show that circulating POA levels are involved in cholesterol metabolism and hemostasis, though the results are mixed as to their specific cardiovascular outcomes.

Palmitoleic acid, a key component of the Nutristat Basic Profile by US BioTek, provides valuable insights into your health status. This monounsaturated omega-7 fatty acid is naturally present in foods like macadamia nuts, sea buckthorn oil, and certain fish. Known for its anti-inflammatory properties, palmitoleic acid aids in enhancing insulin sensitivity, regulating blood sugar levels, and supporting heart health by lowering LDL cholesterol and boosting HDL cholesterol. Moreover, it contributes to skin health by promoting hydration and elasticity, leading to a more youthful appearance. Monitoring and optimizing palmitoleic acid levels can significantly impact overall health, improving cardiovascular function, metabolic control, and skin condition. Utilizing this marker can be instrumental in effectively managing and understanding your health.

Pancreatic elastase is an enzyme that digests protein. It’s only produced by the pancreas and when it is seen in the stool, it’s an excellent biomarker of how well the pancreas is performing.

Pancreatic elastase is an enzyme that digests protein. It’s only produced by the pancreas and when it is seen in the stool, it’s an excellent biomarker of how well the pancreas is performing.

Pancreatic elastase is an enzyme that digests protein. It’s only produced by the pancreas and when it is seen in the stool, it’s an excellent biomarker of how well the pancreas is performing.

Pancreatic Elastase is an enzyme produced by exocrine tissue in the pancreas. Fecal pancreatic elastase is a non-invasive marker of exocrine pancreatic function. In the digestive tract, elastase is not broken down by other enzymes and is eventually eliminated from the body in the stool. Elastase can be detected and measured in the stool when a person's pancreas is functioning normally. The level in the stool is decreased when the exocrine tissues of the pancreas are not producing sufficient elastase and other digestive enzymes.

A Pancreatic Elastase-1 result in the orange range on the Vibrant Gut Zoomer suggests borderline pancreatic insufficiency and reduced digestive enzyme output.

What it means

Pancreatic elastase is a marker of exocrine pancreatic function, meaning how well your pancreas produces digestive enzymes.

Interpretation ranges (general clinical cutoffs):

• >200 mcg/g: Normal enzyme function

• 100–200 mcg/g (your range): Mild to moderate pancreatic enzyme insufficiency

• <100 mcg/g: Severe enzyme insufficiency

In the orange range, the pancreas may not be producing enough enzymes to fully digest food, particularly fats and proteins.

Possible symptoms

People in this range may experience:

• Bloating and gas

• Loose or greasy stools

• Malabsorption and nutrient deficiencies

• Abdominal discomfort after eating

Common causes

Borderline/low pancreatic elastase can be associated with:

• Small intestinal inflammation (IBD, celiac)

• Chronic digestive stress or SIBO

• Pancreatic stress or early stage pancreatic insufficiency

• Long-term poor gut function or dysbiosis

What to consider next

• Review GI symptoms and diet

• Assess for fat-soluble vitamin levels (A, D, E, K)

• Consider a trial of digestive enzyme support (under supervision)

• Repeat testing if symptoms are present

• Evaluate for underlying causes if clinically indicated

If results stay low or symptoms are significant, your clinician may consider further testing like fecal fat analysis or pancreatic imaging.

Pancreatic Elastase is an enzyme produced by exocrine tissue in the pancreas. Fecal pancreatic elastase is a non-invasive marker of exocrine pancreatic function. In the digestive tract, elastase is not broken down by other enzymes and is eventually eliminated from the body in the stool. Elastase can be detected and measured in the stool when a person's pancreas is functioning normally. The level in the stool is decreased when the exocrine tissues of the pancreas are not producing sufficient elastase and other digestive enzymes.

Pancreatic Polypeptide: A Key Marker for Pancreatic Health and Endocrine Function

Pancreatic Polypeptide (PP) is a 36-amino acid hormone secreted by the F-cells in the pancreas, playing an essential role in regulating digestive functions, pancreatic secretion, and appetite. As a critical component of the pancreas's endocrine system, it is involved in controlling pancreatic enzyme release and influencing gastrointestinal motility.

Pantothenic acid plays vital roles in energy production from foodstuffs. Pantothenate is a component of coenzyme A, which is indispensable for two-carbon unit metabolism (acetyl groups). Acetyl groups are involved in the release of energy from carbohydrates, fats, proteins, and other compounds, as well as synthesis of fats, cholesterol, steroid hormones, porphyrin and phospholipids.

Pantothenic acid is an essential B vitamin (=Vitamin B5) that is converted to coenzyme A (unrelated to vitamin A). Coenzyme A is needed for the synthesis of fatty acids, cholesterol, and acetyl choline and is also needed for the Krebs cycle and fatty acid catabolism.