Increased urinary products of the omega fatty acid metabolism pathway may be due to carnitine deficiency, fasting, or increased intake of triglycerides from coconut oil, or some infant formulas.

Increased urinary products of the omega fatty acid metabolism pathway may be due to carnitine deficiency, fasting, or increased intake of triglycerides from coconut oil, or some infant formulas.

Increased urinary products of the omega fatty acid metabolism pathway may be due to carnitine deficiency, fasting, or increased intake of triglycerides from coconut oil, or some infant formulas.

Increased urinary products of the omega fatty acid metabolism pathway may be due to carnitine deficiency, fasting, or increased intake of triglycerides from coconut oil, or some infant formulas.

Fecal Secretory IgA is a marker of gut secretory immunity and barrier function.

Immunoglobulin A (IgA) is an antibody playing a critical role in mucosal immunity and is produced in greater quantities than all other types of antibody combined.

In its secretory form, Secretory IgA is the main immunoglobulin found in mucous secretions and provides protection against potentially pathogenic microbes, due to its ability to resist degradation by enzymes and survive in harsh environments such as GI and respiratory tracts.

Fecal Secretory IgA is a marker of gut secretory immunity and barrier function.

Immunoglobulin A (IgA) is an antibody playing a critical role in mucosal immunity and is produced in greater quantities than all other types of antibody combined.

In its secretory form, Secretory IgA is the main immunoglobulin found in mucous secretions and provides protection against potentially pathogenic microbes, due to its ability to resist degradation by enzymes and survive in harsh environments such as GI and respiratory tracts.

As the most abundant class of antibody found in the human intestinal lumen, secretory IgA (sIgA) is recognized as a first line of defense in protecting the intestinal epithelium from enteric pathogens and toxins. It is used to assess gastrointestinal barrier function.

Every mucosal membrane surface such as the eyes, nose, throat, and gastrointestinal system represent a large portal of entry for pathogenic bacteria, viruses, and yeasts. Secretory IgA (sIgA) is the predominant antibody found on these mucosal membranes, and represents the body’s first line of defense. SIgA levels change in response to stress.

As the most abundant class of antibody found in the human intestinal lumen, secretory IgA (sIgA) is recognized as a first line of defense in protecting the intestinal epithelium from enteric pathogens and toxins. It is used to assess gastrointestinal barrier function.

The marker Sed Rate by Modified Westergren, also known as the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) or sedimentation rate, is a common blood test used by doctors to measure inflammation in the body, which is the natural response to injury or infection, often involving the immune system.

This test specifically looks at how quickly red blood cells settle to the bottom of a test tube over the course of one hour. The faster the red blood cells settle, the higher the sed rate, indicating potential inflammation.

Neutrophils are the most abundant type of white blood cell in the found. They are phagocytic, meaning that they engulf and destroy things like bacteria and viruses at the site of an injury. Like all other white blood cells, they also play a part in our body’s inflammatory response to things like allergens. 

Neutrophils are the most abundant type of white blood cell found in the body. They are phagocytic, meaning that they engulf and destroy things like bacteria and viruses at the site of an injury. Like all other white blood cells, they also play a part in our body’s inflammatory response to things like allergens. 

A slightly elevated result for segmented neutrophils may indicate a variety of potential conditions or responses in the body. Segmented neutrophils, also known as mature neutrophils, are a type of white blood cell that plays a crucial role in the immune response by helping to fight bacterial infections.

Here are some possible causes for a slightly elevated segmented neutrophil count:

1. Bacterial Infections: The most common cause of an increase in neutrophils is bacterial infections. Neutrophils are often mobilized in response to an infection to help combat invading bacteria.

2. Inflammation: Any form of inflammation in the body, including chronic inflammatory conditions like rheumatoid arthritis, can lead to an elevated neutrophil count.

3. Stress Response: Physical or emotional stress can trigger an increase in neutrophil levels. This could occur due to intense exercise, surgery, or other acute stressors.

4. Steroid Use: Certain medications, especially corticosteroids, can cause an increase in neutrophils as they suppress the activity of the immune system in other ways.

5. Tissue Damage: If there is tissue damage, such as trauma or burns, neutrophil levels may rise as part of the healing and inflammatory response.

6. Smoking: Smoking can cause mild elevations in neutrophil levels due to the chronic inflammatory effects of cigarette smoke on the respiratory system.

7. Leukemoid Reaction: A leukemoid reaction is a temporary increase in white blood cells, often due to a severe infection or inflammation, that can mimic leukemia but is not caused by cancer.

8. Other Causes: Conditions like pregnancy, certain cancers, or bone marrow disorders can sometimes result in elevated neutrophil counts.

In general, a slightly elevated count for segmented neutrophils is not necessarily concerning on its own, but it should be interpreted in the context of other symptoms, test results, and medical history. If there are any other abnormal findings or symptoms, it would be helpful to consult with a healthcare provider to determine the underlying cause.

Segmented Neutrophils (CSF) refer to mature white blood cells found in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), which play a key role in the body’s immune response. Normally, neutrophils are present in low or undetectable levels in the CSF. Elevated levels of segmented neutrophils in a lab report may indicate an infection, particularly bacterial meningitis, or other inflammatory conditions affecting the central nervous system (CNS). It is important to interpret these results in conjunction with other CSF markers and clinical symptoms to accurately diagnose underlying conditions.

Selenium, a trace element found in the whole blood, is a significant component of the Toxic and Essential Elements panel, offering vital insights into an individual's nutritional status and potential toxic exposure. As an essential micronutrient, selenium is crucial for various bodily functions, most notably its role in the synthesis of selenoproteins, which includes important antioxidant enzymes like glutathione peroxidases and thioredoxin reductases. These enzymes play a critical role in protecting cells from oxidative damage caused by free radicals, thereby contributing to immune system function and thyroid hormone metabolism. Selenium's optimal range in the body is narrow: both deficiency and excess can lead to health issues.

Selenium is an essential element. It is a cofactor required to maintain activity of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), an enzyme that catalyzes the degradation of organic hydroperoxides. The absence of selenium correlates with loss of GSH-Px activity and is associated with damage to cell membranes due to accumulation of free radicals.

Selenium is normally found in hair at very low levels, and several studies provide evidence that low hair Selenium is reflective of dietary intake and associated with cardiovascular disorders. Utilization of hair Selenium levels to assess nutritional status, however, is complicated by the fact that use of Selenium- or sulfur-containing shampoo markedly increases hair Selenium (externally) and can give a false high value.

The trace mineral selenium functions primarily as a component of the antioxidant enzyme, glutathione peroxidase. Glutathione peroxidase activity, which requires selenium for activity, facilitates the recycling of vitamins C and E, in optimizing the performance of the antioxidant system.