Bartonella quintana (IgG) is an antibody marker that indicates past exposure or infection with the bacterium Bartonella quintana, which is the cause of trench fever. This disease is primarily transmitted to humans through body lice. The presence of IgG antibodies against B. quintana in the blood suggests that the individual has been exposed to the bacteria at some point in the past, leading the immune system to produce these specific antibodies. However, IgG antibodies usually appear several weeks after infection and can remain in the blood for months to years, indicating that the infection might not be active. Symptoms of B. quintana infection can include recurrent fever, headache, rash, and bone pain. Diagnosing B. quintana typically involves a combination of clinical evaluation, serological tests (like detecting IgG), and sometimes PCR testing to detect the bacteria's DNA. Treatment generally includes antibiotics, such as doxycycline, to effectively manage the infection.

Bartonella quintana (IgM) is a specific antibody marker that indicates a recent or active infection with the bacteria Bartonella quintana, which is responsible for diseases such as trench fever. The presence of IgM (immunoglobulin M) antibodies in the blood signifies that the immune system has recently encountered the bacteria, suggesting an early stage or acute infection. Bartonella quintana is typically transmitted through body lice, and infections can lead to symptoms like fever, headaches, muscle pain, and, in some cases, more severe conditions like endocarditis or chronic bacteremia. Detecting B. quintana (IgM) helps healthcare providers diagnose the infection early and start appropriate antibiotic treatments to manage and resolve the infection effectively.

The Bartonella quintana antibody (IgG) screen is a serological test designed to detect the presence of immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies specific to Bartonella quintana, a bacterium known for causing trench fever, bacillary angiomatosis, and endocarditis, particularly in immunocompromised individuals.

This test plays a critical role in the diagnostic process, especially in patients presenting with symptoms consistent with these conditions, such as prolonged fever, body aches, and in more severe cases, vascular lesions or heart valve infection.

The presence of B. quintana IgG antibodies indicates that the individual has been exposed to the bacterium, with their immune system generating a response.

Bartonella quintana antibody (IgM) testing is an important diagnostic tool used to detect acute infections caused by Bartonella quintana, a bacterium associated with several serious conditions, including trench fever, bacillary angiomatosis, and endocarditis. The presence of IgM antibodies against B. quintana in a patient's blood is a key indicator of recent or ongoing infection. IgM is the first class of antibodies the body produces in response to an infection.

Beta-2 glycoprotein 1 antibody is an autoantibody that is associated with inappropriate blood clotting. This test detects and measures one class (IgA) of beta-2 glycoprotein 1 antibodies.

The antiphospholipid antibody syndrome (APS) is a clinical-pathologic correlation that includes a clinical event (e.g. thrombosis, pregnancy loss, thrombocytopenia) and persistent positive antiphospholipid antibodies (IgM or IgG ACA >40 MPL/GPL,IgM or IgG anti-b2GPI antibodies or a lupus anticoagulant).

The assay contributes to the diagnosis of antiphospholipid syndrome (APS). The clinical symptoms of APS alone are not sufficiently specific to make a definitive diagnosis. Laboratory tests thus play an important role in the diagnosis of the disease. In patients with APS, autoantibodies are formed that bind to phospholipids like cardiolipin or to phospholipid-binding proteins like beta-2-glycoprotein.

Detection of these autoantibodies is an integral part of the classification criteria issued by the International Society on Thrombosis and Hemostasis.

Beta-2-glycoprotein I is a 50 KD protein cofactor required by anti-cardiolipin antibodies (ACA) to bind to cardiolipin and other phospholipid molecules.

Babesia is a tick-borne intraerythrocytic protozoan parasite, which can result in subclinical or mild illness in most cases, but occasionally, in immunocompromised individuals, the reaction can be severe.

The Babesia duncani WA1 IgG assay is used to detect antibodies due to infection of the tick-borne protozoa Babesia duncani in cases of diagnostic uncertainty or suspected chronic infection. The assay is performed by indirect fluorescent antibody (IFA) method. Titer values above the reference intervals are considered evidence of current infection or past infection (e.g. within the last year).