CCL4 is a chemoattractant for critical immune regulatory cells such as monocytes/macrophages, T-lymphocytes, natural killer cells and dendritic cells.
CCL4 is produced by monocytes, T/B lymphocytes, neutrophils, fibroblasts and endothelial/epithelial cells. CCL4 expression by neutrophils contributes to inflammation by recruiting other leukocytes at site(s) of inflammation which results in resolution of inflammation by macrophage-mediated efferocytosis or development of chronic inflammation.
In addition to metabolic diseases, CCL4 is involved in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus, multiple sclerosis, multiple myeloma, psoriasis, cystic fibrosis and sarcoidosis.
Both immune and non-immune cells can express chemokines in response to TNF-α, IL-1β, leukotriene-B4, complement fraction C5a, viruses, bacterial LPS and free fatty acids.
References:
Sindhu S, Kochumon S, Shenouda S, Wilson A, Al-Mulla F, Ahmad R. The Cooperative Induction of CCL4 in Human Monocytic Cells by TNF-α and Palmitate Requires MyD88 and Involves MAPK/NF-κB Signaling Pathways. Int J Mol Sci. 2019 Sep 19;20(18):4658. doi: 10.3390/ijms20184658. PMID: 31546972; PMCID: PMC6770648.
CCL4 (MIP-1beta)
Every lab result you’ve ever had, charted and explained.
Healthmatters is a tracker for your lab results. Upload a report from any lab, any country — every marker charted and explained.
Start with my report →
All our content is backed by peer-reviewed studies, academic research, and trusted medical sources. We’re committed to accuracy and transparency — see our editorial policy for details.