CD25 is the receptor for IL2 and is expressed on activated T cells, B cells, and macrophages. CD25 is expressed in certain types of B-cell lymphoma (hairy cell leukemia) and T-cell lymphoma (adult T-cell lymphoma/leukemia [ATLL]).
The interleukin-2 receptor is designated CD25. Originally isolated from T-lymphocytes, it is now known to be expressed on hairy cell leukemia and adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma, classical Hodgkin lymphoma, and a subset of other peripheral T-cell lymphomas.
General information:
Lymphocytes in peripheral blood (circulation) are heterogeneous and can be broadly classified into T cells, B cells, and natural killer (NK) cells.
There are various subsets of each of these individual populations with specific cell-surface markers and function.
This assay provides absolute (cells/mcL) and relative (%) quantitation for the main categories of T cells, B cells, and NK cells, in addition to a total lymphocyte count (= CD45+).
- Each of these lymphocyte subpopulations have distinct effector and regulatory functions and are maintained in homeostasis under normal physiological conditions.
- Each of these lymphocyte subsets can be identified by a combination of one or more cell surface markers.
T-cell:
The CD3 antigen is a pan-T-cell marker, and T cells can be further divided into 2 broad categories, based on the expression of CD4 or CD8 coreceptors.
B cells:
B cells can be identified by expression of CD19.
NK cells:
NK cells are typically identified by the coexpression of CD16 and CD56.
Summary:
Total T-cells (CD3+)
B-cells (CD3-/CD19+)
Natural killer (NK) cells (CD3-/CD56+CD16+)
Helper/inducer (CD3+/CD4+) T-cell subset
cytotoxic/suppressor (CD3+/CD8+) T-cell subset
Total CD45+ lymphocyte count
CD4:CD8 ratio
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The absolute counts of lymphocyte subsets are known to be influenced by a variety of biological factors, including hormones, the environment, and temperature. The studies on diurnal (circadian) variation in lymphocyte counts have demonstrated progressive increase in CD4 T-cell count throughout the day, while CD8 T cells and CD19+ B cells increase between 8:30 a.m. and noon with no change between noon and afternoon. NK-cell counts, on the other hand, are constant throughout the day.
Circadian variations in circulating T-cell counts have been shown to be negatively correlated with plasma cortisol concentration. In fact, cortisol and catecholamine concentrations control distribution and, therefore, numbers of naive versus effector CD4 and CD8 T cells.
It is generally accepted that lower CD4 T-cell counts are seen in the morning compared to the evening and during summer compared to winter. These data, therefore, indicate that timing and consistency in timing of blood collection is critical when serially monitoring patients for lymphocyte subsets.
Abnormalities in the number and percent of T (CD3, CD4, CD8), B (CD19), and NK (CD16+CD56) lymphocytes have been described in a number of different disease conditions.
In patients who are infected with HIV, the CD4 count is measured for AIDS diagnosis and for initiation of antiviral therapy. The progressive loss of CD4 T lymphocytes in patients infected with HIV is associated with increased infections and complications. The Public Health Service has recommended that all patients who are HIV-positive be tested every 3 to 6 months for the level of CD4 T lymphocytes.
Lymphocyte subset quantitation is also very useful in the evaluation of patients with primary immunodeficiencies of all ages, including follow-up for newborn screening for severe combined immunodeficiency and immune monitoring following immunosuppressive therapy for transplantation, autoimmunity, or any other relevant clinical condition where immunomodulatory treatment is used.
It is also helpful as a preliminary screening assay for gross quantitative anomalies in any lymphocyte subset, whether related to malignancies or infection.
The 2008 guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) from the International Workshop on Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia recommends changing the diagnostic criteria for CLL from an absolute lymphocyte count greater than 5 x 10(9)/L to a circulating B-cell count greater than 5 x 10(9)/L(8,9) previously defined in the 1996 National Cancer Institute (NCI) guidelines for CLL. This flow cytometric assay enables accurate quantitation of circulating B cells using a single platform technology with absolute quantitation through the use of flow cytometry beads.
Sources:
https://www.mayocliniclabs.com/test-catalog/Overview/9336#Clinical-and-Interpretive
https://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-terms/def/t-cell
https://www.rcpa.edu.au/Manuals/RCPA-Manual/Pathology-Tests/L/Lymphocyte-immunophenotyping
References:
Milioglou I, Kalaitzidou I, Ladomenou F. Interpretation of lymphocyte subset counts by the general pediatrician. Pediatr Int. 2019 Jan;61(1):16-22. doi: 10.1111/ped.13701. Epub 2018 Dec 10. PMID: 30248214.
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If the marker Abs.CD3+CD25+ Lymphs is elevated, it indicates an increase in the number or proportion of lymphocytes expressing CD3 and CD25 antigens on their cell surface. CD3 is a pan-T-cell marker, while CD25 is the receptor for interleukin-2 (IL-2) and is expressed on activated T cells, B cells, and macrophages.
Elevation of Abs.CD3+CD25+ Lymphs may have different implications depending on the context and the individual's specific medical condition. Here are a few possible interpretations:
Activation of the immune system: An elevated level of Abs.CD3+CD25+ Lymphs may indicate an activation of the immune system, particularly the T-cell population. CD25 is upregulated on T cells upon activation, serving as a marker for immune response activation.
Autoimmune disorders: Some autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), can lead to increased activation of T cells and subsequently an elevation in Abs.CD3+CD25+ Lymphs.
Lymphoproliferative disorders: Certain types of lymphomas, such as adult T-cell lymphoma/leukemia (ATLL) and hairy cell leukemia, can express CD25 on their cell surface. In such cases, an elevated Abs.CD3+CD25+ Lymphs level may suggest the presence of these specific lymphomas.
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I have been using Healthmatters.io since 2021. I travel all over the world and use different doctors and health facilities. This site has allowed me to consolidate all my various test results over 14 years in one place. And every doctor that I show this to has been impressed. Because with any health professional I talk to, I can pull up historical results in seconds. It is invaluable. Even going back to the same doctor, they usually do not have the historical results from their facility in a graph format. That has been very helpful.
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Advanced Plan Member since 2020
What fantastic service and great, easy-to-follow layouts! I love your website; it makes it so helpful to see patterns in my health data. It's truly a pleasure to use. I only wish the NHS was as organized and quick as Healthmatters.io. You've set a new standard for health tracking!
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Healthmatters Pro Member since 2024
As a PRO member and medical practitioner, Healthmatters.io has been an invaluable tool for tracking my clients' data. The layout is intuitive, making it easy to monitor trends and spot patterns over time. The ability to customize reports and charts helps me present information clearly to my clients, improving communication and outcomes. It's streamlined my workflow, saving me time and providing insights at a glance. Highly recommended for any practitioner looking for a comprehensive and user-friendly solution to track patient labs!
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% CD 3 Pos. Lymph., % CD 4 Pos. Lymph., % CD 8 Pos. Lymph., % CD3+CD25+ Lymphs, % CD8+CD57+ Lymphs, % NK (CD56/16), Ab NK (CD56/16), Abs.CD3+CD25+ Lymphs, Abs.CD8+CD57+ Lymphs, Absolute CD 3, Absolute CD 4 Helper, Absolute CD 8 (Supp), CD 19, CD 2, CD 20, CD 3, CD 4, CD 4:8, CD 5, CD 7, CD 8, CD16, CD16+, CD19+, CD3+, CD4+, CD4/CD8 Ratio, CD56, CD56+, CD56+CD3- %, CD56+CD3- (absolute), CD8+, kappa, lambda
