The Anti-Voltage Gated Potassium Channels (VGKC) test, measuring IgG and IgA antibodies, is part of specialized diagnostic panels such as the Neural Zoomer panel by Vibrant America. This test is used to detect antibodies against voltage-gated potassium channels, which are essential proteins located on the surface of neurons. These channels regulate the flow of potassium ions in and out of nerve cells, playing a critical role in the electrical activity that drives neural communication.

What It Measures:

The Anti-VGKC IgG + IgA test specifically measures two types of antibodies (IgG and IgA) that target the voltage-gated potassium channels. IgG antibodies are the most common type of antibody in the bloodstream and often appear later in immune responses, while IgA antibodies are found in mucosal areas, such as the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts. The presence of these antibodies can indicate an autoimmune response, where the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own nerve cells, interfering with normal nervous system function.

The Anti-Voltage Gated Potassium Channels (VGKC) IgM test is a diagnostic assay aimed at detecting IgM antibodies targeting components of the VGKC complex. These channels are essential for regulating potassium ion flow in neurons, contributing to nerve signaling and maintaining the electrical activity of the nervous system.

What It Measures

This test specifically identifies IgM antibodies directed against VGKC-complex proteins. While IgG antibodies are more commonly associated with autoimmune neurological conditions, the presence of IgM antibodies may indicate an early immune response targeting these channels. The VGKC complex includes proteins such as leucine-rich glioma-inactivated 1 (LGI1) and contactin-associated protein 2 (CASPR2), which are crucial for synaptic function and neuronal communication.

Clinical Relevance

Anti-VGKC IgM antibodies are less frequently studied compared to their IgG counterparts, but their detection could still provide insights into autoimmune mechanisms affecting the nervous system. VGKC-complex antibodies have been implicated in conditions such as:

• Limbic Encephalitis: Characterized by cognitive impairment, seizures, and psychiatric symptoms, often associated with LGI1 antibodies.

• Neuromyotonia: A peripheral nerve hyperexcitability syndrome linked to CASPR2 antibodies.

• Morvan Syndrome: A rare disorder featuring neuromyotonia, autonomic dysfunction, and insomnia.

Zonulin acts as the gate-keeper between the cells of the intestinal lining in order for nutrients and other essential molecules to be transported in and out of the intestine. However, when leaky gut is present, the intestinal lining is compromised allowing larger protein molecules to get into the bloodstream thereby causing an immune response.

- Anticardiolipins are antibodies produced by the immune system against the platelet membrane phospholipids responsible for the coagulation of blood clots. 

- Anticardiolipin antibodies are often responsible (with lupus anticoagulants and beta-2 glycoprotein antibodies) for the abnormal formation of clots in veins (phlebitis) and arteries (arterial thrombosis). 

- They are involved in antiphospholipid syndrome, which occurs, for example, through repeated miscarriages during the second or third trimester of pregnancy. 

There are three types of anticardiolipin antibodies: IgG, IgA and IgM.

- Anticardiolipins are antibodies produced by the immune system against the platelet membrane phospholipids responsible for the coagulation of blood clots. 

- Anticardiolipin antibodies are often responsible (with lupus anticoagulants and beta-2 glycoprotein antibodies) for the abnormal formation of clots in veins (phlebitis) and arteries (arterial thrombosis). 

- They are involved in antiphospholipid syndrome, which occurs, for example, through repeated miscarriages during the second or third trimester of pregnancy. 

There are three types of anticardiolipin antibodies: IgG, IgA and IgM.

- Anticardiolipins are antibodies produced by the immune system against the platelet membrane phospholipids responsible for the coagulation of blood clots. 

- Anticardiolipin antibodies are often responsible (with lupus anticoagulants and beta-2 glycoprotein antibodies) for the abnormal formation of clots in veins (phlebitis) and arteries (arterial thrombosis). 

- They are involved in antiphospholipid syndrome, which occurs, for example, through repeated miscarriages during the second or third trimester of pregnancy. 

There are three types of anticardiolipin antibodies: IgG, IgA and IgM.

Help to diagnose drug-induced lupus (DIL) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Antibodies to both chromatin and histones have been found in patients with procainamide-induced lupus; however, patients with lupus induced by drugs such as quinidine, penicillamine, methyldopa, and acebutolol have antibodies to chromatin but not antihistone. Antichromatin antibodies are found in 50% to 90% of SLE patients and have been linked with proteinuria in SLE patients.

Antichromatin antibodies are more sensitive than anti-dsDNA antibodies in detecting active SLE.

Antigliadin IgG (native) is an antibody test that detects immune system reactivity to gliadin, a key protein found in gluten (wheat, barley, and rye). This test measures IgG antibodies, which are associated with delayed immune responses rather than the immediate reactions seen with IgE-mediated allergies.

Possible sources of antimony: 
- Food and smoking are the usual sources of antimony. Thus cigarette smoke can externally contaminate hair, as well as contribute to uptake via inhalation. 
- Gunpowder (ammunition) often contains antimony. Firearm enthusiasts often have elevated levels of antimony in hair. 

Other possible sources are: 
- textile industry, 
- metal alloys, 
- and some anti-helminthic and anti-protozoal drugs. 
- Antimony is also used in the manufacture of paints, glass, ceramics, solder, batteries, bearing metals and semiconductors.

Possible sources of antimony: 
- Food and smoking are the usual sources of antimony. Thus cigarette smoke can externally contaminate hair, as well as contribute to uptake via inhalation. 
- Gunpowder (ammunition) often contains antimony. Firearm enthusiasts often have elevated levels of antimony in hair. 

Other possible sources are: 
- textile industry, 
- metal alloys, 
- and some anti-helminthic and anti-protozoal drugs. 
- Antimony is also used in the manufacture of paints, glass, ceramics, solder, batteries, bearing metals and semiconductors.

Possible sources of antimony: 
- Food and smoking are the usual sources of antimony. Thus cigarette smoke can externally contaminate hair, as well as contribute to uptake via inhalation. 
- Gunpowder (ammunition) often contains antimony. Firearm enthusiasts often have elevated levels of antimony in hair. 

Other possible sources are: 
- textile industry, 
- metal alloys, 
- and some anti-helminthic and anti-protozoal drugs. 
- Antimony is also used in the manufacture of paints, glass, ceramics, solder, batteries, bearing metals and semiconductors.

Possible sources of antimony: 
- Food and smoking are the usual sources of antimony. Thus cigarette smoke can externally contaminate hair, as well as contribute to uptake via inhalation. 
- Gunpowder (ammunition) often contains antimony. Firearm enthusiasts often have elevated levels of antimony in hair. 

Other possible sources are: 
- textile industry, 
- metal alloys, 
- and some anti-helminthic and anti-protozoal drugs. 
- Antimony is also used in the manufacture of paints, glass, ceramics, solder, batteries, bearing metals and semiconductors.

SOURCES:

Found naturally in the environment, air, soil, water.

Found in lead storage batteries, solder, sheet and pipe metal, pewter, bearings and castings, paints, ceramics, fireworks, plastic enamels, metal and glass.

Sometimes used medically to treat parasites.

SOURCES:

Found naturally in the environment, air, soil, water.

Found in lead storage batteries, solder, sheet and pipe metal, pewter, bearings and castings, paints, ceramics, fireworks, plastic enamels, metal and glass.

Sometimes used medically to treat parasites.