Wheat Germ Agglutinin is not gluten, but is found in whole grain wheat. If your test results are positive (higher than normal levels of antibodies) the most logical suggestion is to not eat whole grain wheat and to be certain other wheat derived foods are not Wheat Germ Agglutinin contaminated.

The biological function of Wheat Germ Agglutinin (WGA) in wheat is unknown, however, its suggested function is to protect against fungal infection due to its ability to bind to chitin-containing cell walls. WGA is a lectin protein that binds to N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) and is a binder of gram-positive bacteria via GlcNAc moies in the peptidoglycan layer of the cell wall.

Known Cross-Reactions: Lysozyme aka muramidase or N-acetylmurmamide glycanhydrolase

Wheat Germ Agglutinin is not gluten, but is found in whole grain wheat. If your test results are positive (higher than normal levels of antibodies) the most logical suggestion is to not eat whole grain wheat and to be certain other wheat derived foods are not Wheat Germ Agglutinin contaminated.

Elevated levels of antibodies to Whey Protein indicate dairy protein immune reactivity. Although Whey supplementation has been proven to have healthful benefits such as the improvement of blood pressure and vascular function in obese patients and stimulation of beneficial gut microflora in infants, patients with cow’s milk intolerance should avoid consuming whey.

The casein: Whey protein ratio in native cow’s milk is 80:20. Because whey contains lactose, it should be avoided by those who are lactose intolerant. Dried whey, used as a food additive, contains more than 70% lactose.

White blood cells, often called leukocytes, are three types of cells found in the blood, along with red blood cells and platelets. Specifically, the white blood cell family contains five members: monocytes, lymphocytes, basophils, neutrophils, and eosinophils. Together, these five cells act as our body’s primary immune system, responding to irritants and invaders. All blood cells are made in the bone marrow and then pass into the bloodstream. Leukocyte levels in the body are assessed through a blood differential test (also called a white blood cell differential) as a part of a complete blood count. This test can detect abnormal or immature cells and diagnose an infection, leukemia, or an autoimmune disorder. A healthcare professional may order a blood differential when someone has general signs and symptoms of infection and/or inflammation, such as:

- Fever, chills

- Body aches, pains

- Headache

Urine is a generally thought of as a sterile body fluid, therefore, evidence of white blood cells or bacteria in the urine is considered abnormal and may suggest a urinary tract infection such as, bladder infection (cystitis), infection of kidney (pyelonephritis).

Lactate is a byproduct of cell metabolism, primarily produced in muscles, and exists mostly in the blood due to the body’s neutral pH. This biomarker is measured in blood or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) to evaluate oxygen availability and mitochondrial function. Normally, lactate levels are low, but excess production can occur when oxygen delivery is insufficient or energy production is disrupted, leading to conditions like hyperlactatemia or lactic acidosis. These states can result from hypoxia, increased lactate production, or impaired clearance, potentially causing symptoms such as muscle weakness, rapid breathing, nausea, or even coma if severe.

Xanthan gum is a food thickener made from bacteria that infect numerous plants. It is an ingredient in a wide variety of foods, as well as products such as toothpaste. Though it may offer some health benefits, it is used primarily to change the texture of food, not for any specific health need.

- Xanthan gum thickens food and other products, and also prevents ingredients from separating.

- Non-food products, such as oil and cosmetics, also contain xanthan gum.

- Xanthan gum may help lower or stabilize blood sugar.

- As with any food or food additive, some people may not tolerate it.

Xanthochromia, in the context of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis, is a diagnostic marker of significant clinical importance, particularly when evaluated alongside a cell count with differential. Xanthochromia refers to the yellowish discoloration of the CSF, typically caused by the presence of bilirubin, a breakdown product of hemoglobin. This discoloration is not immediately apparent after a hemorrhagic event but develops several hours post-bleed as red blood cells (RBCs) degrade. The most critical clinical relevance of xanthochromia is its role in diagnosing subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). In SAH, bleeding occurs into the subarachnoid space (between the brain and the arachnoid membrane), often due to a ruptured cerebral aneurysm. Xanthochromia can reliably distinguish SAH from a traumatic lumbar puncture (LP), a procedure-related occurrence where RBCs are accidentally introduced into the CSF sample, as xanthochromia does not occur immediately after blood enters the CSF.