Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli (EAEC) are quite heterogeneous category of an emerging enteric pathogen associated with cases of acute or persistent diarrhea worldwide in children and adults, and over the past decade has received increasing attention as a cause of watery diarrhea, which is often persistent. EAEC infection is an important cause of diarrhea in outbreak and non-outbreak settings in developing and developed countries. Recently, EAEC has been implicated in the development of irritable bowel syndrome, but this remains to be confirmed. 

E. cloaceae is a Gram-negative, nonspore-forming, enteric bacilli belonging to the Enterobacteriaceaefamily. Enterobacteriaceae are not considered primary human pathogens, but are capable of causing opportunistic infections.

Enterobacter have a ubiquitous environmental distribution (trees, plants, crops, soil, water, and foods). They are also part of the normal flora of the GI tract. It can also be a common nosocomial infection.

Enterobacter’s ability to form biofilms and to secrete various cytotoxins, such as enterotoxins and hemolysins, contribute to its pathogenicity.

Most patients with an E. cloaceae infection are asymptomatic. However, when present, symptoms can include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal cramps.

Enterobacter cloacae complex is part of the Enterobacteriaceae family. E cloacae complex is a group of six closely related species with similar resistance patterns:

E. cloacae, E. asburiae, E. hormaechei, E. kobei, E. ludwigii, and E. nimipressuralis.

Enterobacter is a genus of common Gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria, commonly found in the environment as well as the gastrointestinal tract. There are many species, however, not all species are known to cause human disease.
Usually considered a commensal organism; however, strains of E.b cloacae have been shown to produce a heat-stable toxin similar to that produced by E.coli.

Enterobacter ludwigii is a notable species within the Enterobacter genus, a part of the larger family of Enterobacteriaceae. This species, like others in its genus, is a Gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic bacterium, typically found in various environments, including water, soil, and the human gastrointestinal tract. While Enterobacter ludwigii shares many characteristics with other members of its genus, it also possesses unique features and behaviors that are of interest in clinical and environmental microbiology.

Gram-negative genus in the Proteobacteria phylum. Closely related to E. coli (in the same taxonomic family). High levels may indicate increased intestinal inflammatory activity. Low levels may indicate reduced mucosal health.

Enterobacteriaceae is a diverse family of bacteria that includes both harmless gut residents and well-known opportunistic species such as Escherichia, Klebsiella, Enterobacter, Salmonella, and Citrobacter. In a healthy microbiome, these bacteria are present in low amounts and kept in balance by beneficial microbes.

Enterobacteriaceae is a large family of bacteria within the Proteobacteria phyla. Enterobacteriaceae is inclusive of normal commensal species, harmless opportunists, and many of the more familiar pathogens, such as Salmonella, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella, Shigella and Proteus.

Other potential disease-causing bacteria in this family include Enterobacter and Citrobacter species.

Overall, Enterobacteriaceae were found at higher levels in patients with NAFLD and PD. Diets rich in in complex carbohydrates are associated with lower levels of Enterobacteriaceae, in comparison to diets rich in fat and/or protein.

This nematode inhabits the large intestine and migrates to the anus at night, where it deposits eggs on the perianal surface. Pinworm is the most common worm infection in the United States. School-age children, followed by preschoolers, have the highest rates of infection. Perianal pruritus, especially at night, is a characteristic symptom. Disturbed sleep, loss of appetite, restlessness and irritability may be experienced with heavy infection. Very rarely, E. vermicularis will migrate to the urinary bladder, vagina, or peritoneal cavity.

Gram-positive species in the Firmicutes phylum. High levels may result from reduced stomach acid, PPI use, compromised digestive function, SIBO or constipation. High natural resistance to some antibiotics, which may result in overgrowth.